Carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) catalyzes the reversible hydration and dehydration reactions of CO2/ carbonic acid (H2CO3).[65} It plays a vital role in the transport of metal ions. In addition, it might also be involved in biomineralization and new bone formation. CA1 acts as an oncogene and leads to irregular cell calcification, apoptosis and migration in breast tumor tissues. Overexpression of the gene has been observed in serum of stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. It can be used as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of NSCLC. Additionally, CA1 is also upregulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and is involved in motor neuron degeneration.
