(S)-Ketorolac

(S)-Ketorolac is a non-selective COX inhibitor and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID; IC₅₀s = 0.1 and 2.7 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively). (S)-Ketorolac is approximately twice as potent as the racemic mixture and 60 times more potent than (R)-ketorolac in a rat pain assay. (S)-Ketorolac is cleared from rat kidney and liver more quickly than (R)-ketorolac. Formulations containing ketorolac have been used to manage postoperative pain as well as an ophthalmic solution to treat ocular pain and inflammation.

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The R-enantiomer of Ketorolac. The (S)-enantiomer is about 60 times more potent than (R)-enantiomer. Prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor. Analgesic; anti-inflammatory.

(S)-Ketorolac is the S-enantiomer of Ketorolac. The (S)-enantiomer is about 60 times more potent than (R)-enantiomer. Prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor. Analgesic; anti-inflammatory.

ChEBI: A 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid that has S configuration. While (S)-ketorolac is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, both enantiomers exhibit analgesic effects. Racemic ketorolac, known s mply as ketorolac, is used (mainly as the tromethamine salt) as a potent analgesic for the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

[1] DR. DEAN A. HANDLEY PHD. Preclinical Enantioselective Pharmacology of (R)- and (S)- Ketorolac[J]. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2013, 38 2S: 25S-35S. DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04414.x
[2] ANGEL GUSMAN. Absolute configuration of (-)-5-benzoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid, the active enantiomer of ketorolac[J]. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986, 29 4: 589-591. DOI: 10.1021/jm00154a027
[3] S K DUBEY  R N S  A Anand. Enantioselective Tissue Distribution of Ketorolac and its Enantiomers in Rats.[J]. Drug Research, 2015, 65 8: 428-431. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389913
[4] DDS S M G, MPH  Jaime S B D, MS  Janet R R, et al. Peripheral prostanoid levels and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug analgesia: Replicate clinical trials in a tissue injury model[J]. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2002, 72 2: 175-183. DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2002.126501