パラフィン

外観

白色の粒状

定義

本品は、フィッシャー-トロプシュ(Fischer-Tropsch)法またはエチレン重合法で得られる炭化水素系ワックスである。

定義

１ 石油から分離された白色半透明の固体。炭素数16～40のメタン系炭化水素の混合物。融点はセ氏50～75度くらいで、水をはじく性質がある。ろうそく・マッチ・クレヨンなどの原料とする。石蝋せきろう。パラフィン蝋。２ 「パラフィン系炭化水素」の略。３ 「パラフィン紙」の略。

溶解性

水に不溶。エタノールに難溶。ベンゼン, エーテルに可溶。水に不溶、ベンジンなどの炭化水素系溶媒に易溶、エーテル、エタノールに可溶。

解説

脂肪族鎖式飽和炭化水素(アルカン)およびパラフィンワックスparaffin waxのこと。パラフィンワックスは石蠟（せきろう）ともいい，アルカンCnH2n＋2の炭素数nが約20以上のものの混合物で，常温では白色半透明の蠟状の固体(ときに結晶性)。融点45～65℃，比重約0.9。化学的には非常に安定，エーテルおよび熱アルコールに溶ける。パラフィン基原油の含蠟油留分を冷却して凝固したパラフィンを集めて精製する。
株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について　情報

用途

顕微鏡標本作成における切片作成用包埋剤。

用途

固着性展着剤、蒸散抑制剤、包装紙等の表面コーティング、合成ゴム?パラフィン紙?ロウソク原料、ゴム工業用、電気絶縁材料、防湿?防水剤、化粧品?医薬品配合原料、農薬(植物成長調整剤)。

用途

病理組織包埋用。

用途

病理組織標本作製時の組織包埋用パラフィン

化粧品の成分用途

閉塞剤、非水系増粘剤、結合剤、乳化安定剤、香料

主な用途／役割

ゴム系接着剤の可塑剤、ホットメルト樹脂の原料として使用される。

説明

Paraffin wax, also commonly called ‘paraffin’, is a colourless or white, tasteless, odourless, translucent waxy solid. Paraffin wax has a typical melting point between about 46°C and 68°C. Pure paraffin wax is a combustible substance and insoluble in water but soluble in petroleum solvents and stable under normal conditions of use. Paraffin has been identified as an excellent electrical insulator. It is also used in the manufacturing of paraffin papers, candles, food packaging materials, varnishes, floor polishes, to extract perfumes from flowers, in lubricants, and cosmetics. It is also used in water-proofing wood, and cork.

化学的特性

Paraffin wax is colorless or white with an odorless mass. It consists of a mixture of solid aliphatic hydrocarbons. Paraffin is used in the manufacture of paraffin papers, candles, food packaging materials, varnishes, floor polishes, to extract perfumes from flowers, in lubricants, and cosmetics. It is also used in waterproofing wood and cork.

使用

Paraffin wax, or hard wax, is a mixture of solid hydrocarbons, mainly alkanes. Paraffinwaxcan beadded to medicinal agents. Petroleumwax and petrolatum are the only hydrocarbons permitted for use in food products. Paraffin wax is used as a household wax and extensively as a coating for food containers and wrappers.

定義

A solid mixture of hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum.

調製方法

Paraffin is manufactured by the distillation of crude petroleum or shale oil, followed by purification by acid treatment and filtration. Paraffins with different properties may be produced by controlling the distillation and subsequent congealing conditions.
Synthetic paraffin, synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen is also available;

一般的な説明

White translucent tasteless odorless solids. Density 0.88- 0.92 g / cm3. Insoluble in water. Melting range 47-65°C. Used in candles, lubricants, crayons, floor polishes, cosmetics, chewing gum.

空気と水の反応

Insoluble in water.

反応プロフィール

Paraffin wax, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted portion and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically.

健康ハザード

Exposures to paraffi n for a prolonged period cause several types of skin disorders, The adverse health effects to skin include chronic dermatitis, wax boils, folliculitis, comedones, papules, melanoderma, and hyperkeratoses. Studies of Hendricks et al. indicated the development of carcinoma of the scrotum in workers exposed to crude petroleum wax. Carcinoma of the scrotum in occupational workers began with a normal hyperkeratotic nevus-like lesion, which subsequently resulted in a squamous cell carcinoma.

応用例（製薬）

Paraffin is mainly used in topical pharmaceutical formulations as a component of creams and ointments. In ointments, it may be used to increase the melting point of a formulation or to add stiffness. Paraffin is additionally used as a coating agent for capsules and tablets, and is used in some food applications. Paraffin coatings can also be used to affect the release of drug from ion-exchange resin beads.

安全性プロファイル

A skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data by implant route. Many paraffin waxes contain carcinogens. Fumes cause lung damage. See also PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS.

安全性

Paraffin is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material when used in topical ointments and as a coating agent for tablets and capsules. However, granulomatous reactions (paraffinomas) may occur following injection of paraffin into tissue for cosmetic purposes or to relieve pain. Long-term inhalation of aerosolized paraffin may lead to interstitial pulmonary disease. Ingestion of a substantial amount of white soft paraffin has led to intestinal obstruction in one instance.

貯蔵

Paraffin is stable, although repeated melting and congealing may alter its physical properties. Paraffin should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 40°C in a well-closed container.

規制状況(Regulatory Status)

Accepted in the UK for use in certain food applications. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules and tablets, topical emulsions, and ointments). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.