Leu-Leu methyl ester hydrobromide

Leu-Leu-OMe (16689-14-8) is a lysosomal damaging agent (lysosomotropic). It is condensed into a membranolytic polymer via the transpeptidase action of cathepsin C within lysosomes.1,2 May be used to induce a lysosomal damage model in cells.3,4 LLOMe-induced lysosomal damage elicits ubiquitin puncta formation on lysosomes.1 Induces apoptosis in human mast cells via lysosome destabilization leaving fibroblasts and HEK-293 cells largely resistant.5 Induces lysophagy.4

H-Leu-Leu-OMe·HBr is a useful research chemical compound used in the preparation of octapeptide derivatives and intermediates.

[1] IKUKO MAEJIMA. Autophagy sequesters damaged lysosomes to control lysosomal biogenesis and kidney injury.[J]. EMBO Journal, 2013, 32 17: 2336-2347. DOI:10.1038/emboj.2013.171
[2] NAONOBU FUJITA. Recruitment of the autophagic machinery to endosomes during infection is mediated by ubiquitin.[J]. Journal of Cell Biology, 2013, 203 1: 115-128. DOI:10.1083/jcb.201304188
[3] S. CHAUHAN. TRIMs and Galectins Globally Cooperate and TRIM16 and Galectin-3 Co-direct Autophagy in Endomembrane Damage Homeostasis.[J]. Developmental cell, 2016, 1 1: 13-27. DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.003
[4] TAKANOBU OTOMO  Tamotsu Y. Lysophagy: A Method for Monitoring Lysosomal Rupture Followed by Autophagy-Dependent Recovery.[J]. Methods in molecular biology, 2017, 1594: 141-149. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-6934-0\_8
[5] F R MELO. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization induces cell death in human mast cells.[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 2011, 74 4: 354-362. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02589.x