カルナウバワックス1号

外観

本品は淡黄色～淡褐色の堅くてもろい塊又は白色～淡黄色の粉末で，わずかに特異なにおいがあり，味はほとんどない．
本品は水，エタノール(95)，ジエチルエーテル又はキシレ ンにほとんど溶けない．
比重 d²⁰₂₀：0.990～1.002
融点：80～86℃

定義

本品は、カルナウバヤシ Copernisia cerifera の葉及び葉芽から得られる固体油脂である。

解説

カルナウバろう，カルナウバヤシの葉から得られる淡黄色～暗緑色の無臭のろう．融点は非常に高く80～86 ℃．主成分はヘキサコサン酸テトラデシルで，テトラコサン酸，テトラデカン酸なども含まれている．

化粧品の成分用途

エモリエント剤、皮膜形成剤、物理的脱毛剤

用途

つや出し剤，塗料，カーボン紙，化粧品などに用いられる。

貯法

容器 密閉容器．

化学的特性

Carnauba wax occurs as a light brown- to pale yellow-colored powder, flakes, or irregular lumps of a hard, brittle wax. It has a characteristic bland odor and practically no taste. It is free from rancidity. Various types and grades are available commercially.

使用

Wherever a hard, high-polish wax is desired, e.g. in automobile waxes, floor wax emulsions, high quality shoe polishes, in the paper industry (especially for making carbon papers). As a plasticizer in dental impression compounds. To raise the melting point of other waxes; often used together with candelilla wax. The presence of the lower-melting ouricury wax is considered as an adulteration. Purified and bleached carnauba wax is used for cosmetic materials, such as depilatories and deodorant sticks. In pharmacy as the last stage in tablet coating. Skin sensitization or irritation by carnauba wax seems infrequent.

調製方法

Carnauba wax is obtained from the leaf buds and leaves of the Brazilian carnauba palm, Copernicia cerifera. The leaves are dried and shredded, and the wax is then removed by the addition of hot water.

一般的な説明

Odorless yellow to dark brown-green solid. Floats on water.

空気と水の反応

Insoluble in water.

反応プロフィール

Carnauba wax react with acids to liberate heat. Heat is also generated by interaction with caustic solutions. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.

健康ハザード

Hot wax can burn skin and eyes.

応用例（製薬）

Carnauba wax is widely used in cosmetics, certain foods, and pharmaceutical formulations. Cosmetically, carnauba wax is commonly used in lip balms.
Carnauba wax is the hardest and highest-melting of the waxes commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations and is used primarily as a 10% w/v aqueous emulsion to polish sugar-coated tablets. Aqueous emulsions may be prepared by mixing carnauba wax with an ethanolamine compound and oleic acid. The carnauba wax coating produces tablets of good luster without rubbing. Carnauba wax may also be used in powder form to polish sugarcoated tablets.
Carnauba wax (10–50% w/w) is also used alone or with other excipients such as hypromellose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, alginate/ pectin-gelatin, Eudragit, and stearyl alcohol to produce sustainedrelease solid-dosage formulations.
Carnauba wax has been experimentally investigated for use in producing microparticles in a novel hot air coating (HAC) process developed as an alternative to conventional spray-congealing techniques.(11) In addition, carnauba wax has been used to produce gel beads for intragastric floating drug delivery and has been investigated for use in nanoparticulate sunscreen formulations.

安全性

Carnauba wax is widely used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and certain food products. It is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, there have been reports of allergic contact dermatitis from carnauba wax in mascara.
The WHO has established an acceptable daily intake of up to 7 mg/kg body-weight for carnauba wax.

貯蔵

Carnauba wax is stable and should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place.

規制状況(Regulatory Status)

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules and tablets). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.