Hederoside D2 is a triterpenoid saponin originally isolated from C. robustum rhizome and roots and has diverse biological activities. It induces potassium release and hemolysis in mouse erythrocytes in a pH-dependent manner when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml. Hederoside D2 is cytotoxic to N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells at low pH. It induces proliferation of human embryonic fibroblasts in acidic medium, an effect that can be blocked by the calcium channel blockers verapamil , diltiazem, and nitrendipine .
