antipsychotic;Dopamine D2/serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist
Combined serotonin (5HT2) and dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist. Used as an antipsychotic.
Ziprasidone Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a benzisothiazolylpiperazine analog structurally related to the atypical antipsychotic drug tiospirone that antagonizes both central serotonin 5-HT2A (Ki = 0.42 nM) and dopamine D2 (Ki = 4.8 nM) receptors. It is also a potent agonist at 5-HT1A receptors (Ki = 3.4 nM), increasing cortical dopamine release which may offset negative effects associated with dopamine D2 antagonism, and an inverse agonist at 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors (pKis = 8.8 and 8.6, respectively).[Cayman Chemical]
ChEBI: The hydrochloride hydrate salt of ziprasidone.
Preparation of 5-[2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-6-chloro-
1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one
A 20-gallon glass lined tank, under a nitrogen atmosphere, was charged with
33.5 liters of water and 9.4 kilograms (kg) of sodium carbonate (dense, 89.1
moles, 3.4 eq.). The resulting mixture was stirred to give a solution. To the
solution 6.4 kg of 2-chloroethyl-6-chloro-oxindole (27.8 moles, 1.06 eq.) was
charged, followed by 6.7 kg of 3-piperazinyl-1,2-benzisothiazole hydrochloride
(26.2 moles, 1.0 eq.). This was stirred and heated to reflux (100°C). After 11
hours the reaction was sampled for high pressure liquid chromatography
(HPLC) assay. The reflux was continued for another 2 hours then the reaction
was cooled to 25°C and the slurry stirred for 1 hour. The product was
observed and found to be essentially free from lumps and gummy matter. The
product was collected by filtration. A 14 liter water was added to the tank and
cooled to 12°C and then used to wash the product. The cake was pulled as
dry as possible, and the product was returned to the tank along with 40 liters
of isopropyl alcohol (IPO). This was cooled and then stirred for 2 hours and
the product was collected by filtration. The cake was washed with 13.4 liters
of fresh IPO, then dried under vacuum at 30° to 40°C. After drying, 17.3 kg
of the title compound was obtained. This was in excess of the theoretical
weight yield due to some residual carbonate in the crude product.
Recrystallization of 5-[2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-6-
chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one
To a clean and dry 100-gallon glass lined tank was charged 9.0 kg of the
material obtained above and 86 gallons of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The slurry
was heated to reflux and held for 1 hour. The hazy solution was then filtered
through a 14" sparkler precoated with filter aid and backed with a Fulflo filter
to a clean, dry, and "spec free" glass-lined tank on a lower level. The batch
was concentrated by vacuum distillation. Another 8.3 kg of the material
obtained in above was dissolved in 83 gallons of THF in the upper tank. This
was filtered to the lower tank. The tank lines and sparkler were rinsed with 10
gallons of THF. The batch was concentrated to about 22 gallons, then cooled
to 5°C and stirred for 1 hour. The product was collected by filtration. Then 20
gallons of fresh IPO were cooled in the tank and used to rinse the product
cake. The product was collected and dried under vacuum at 45°C; yielding
9.05 kg of product (83.8% yield for the coupling and recrystallization. The
product matched the spectra of a standard NMR and showed the correct
retention time by HPLC with 99.7% assay. Another way for preparation of 5-(2-(4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-H-
indol-2-one.
A clean and dry 20-gallon glass lined tank was charged with 19 L of water and
4.44 kg of sodium carbonate, after the carbonate had dissolved 4.29 kg (17.5
moles) of 5-(2-chloroethyl)-6-chloro-oxindole and 3.62 kg (16.5 moles) of 1-
(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazine were added. The aqueous slurry was
heated to reflux and the temperature maintained for 14 hours. When the
reaction was complete the solution was cooled to 20°C and filtered. The wet
product was reslurried in 23 L of isopropyl alcohol at room temperature for 2
hours. The product was collected by filtration on 2 large Buchner funnels, each
was washed with 3.4 L of fresh isopropyl alcohol. The product was vacuum
dried at 30° to 40°C. until no isopropyl alcohol remained, giving 5.89 kg
(86.4% yield) of the desired free base which matched a standard sample by
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
A clean and dry 20-gallon reactor was charged with 17.4 gallons of deionized
water and 4.44 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid, to give a 0.77 M solution.
To the solution was added 4.44 kg of the anhydrous Ziprasidone free base. The slurry was warmed to 65°C and held for 18 hours. The slurry
was cooled to room temperature. The product was filtered and washed with
2x5-gallon portions of deionized water, and then air dried at 50°C for 30
hours. The dried product contained 4.4% water and the x-ray diffraction
method confirmed that the desired product was obtained.
H-Indol-2-one, 5-(2-(4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-
piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-, monohydrochloride monohydrate
Atypical antipsychotic that displays combined serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonism. Displays high affinity at 5-HT 2A receptors with a 5-HT 2A /D 2 affinity ratio greater than any other clinically available atypical antipsychotics (pK i values are 9.38, 8.88, 8.69, 8.47, 8.32, 8.14, 7.98, 7.49, 7.33 and 6.28 for 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2C , 5-HT 1D , 5-HT 1A , D 2 , D 3 , α 1 , D 4 , H 1 and D 1 receptors respectively).
Ziprasidone (CP-88059) hydrochloride monohydrate is an orally active combined 5-HT and dopamine receptor antagonist. Ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate has affinities for Rat D2 (Ki=4.8 nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=0.42 nM) and 5-HT1A (Ki=3.4 nM).
Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic; FDA approved for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate (0-500 nM, 150 seconds) blocks wild-type hERG current.
Ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate (oral gavage; 20 mg/kg; once daily; 7 weeks) results in weight loss, low level physical activity, high resting energy expenditure and greater capacity for thermogenesis when subjected to cold.
