BENSULIDE

Bensulide is an organophosphate herbicide. It has a moderate aqueous solubility, miscible with most common organic solvents and shows a low to moderate volatility. It may persist in soil and water systems under certain conditions. There is a low risk of leaching to groundwater. Bensulide has a moderate toxicity to humans as well as being a cholinesterase inhibitor and a neurotoxin. It is moderately toxic to birds, fish, aquatic plants and honeybees.

Bensulide is and amber, viscous liquid, or forms colorless or white crystalline solid below 34.4 C. Combustible. Commercial product is available as an emulsifiable concentrate.

Colorless liquid; slight odor.Insoluble in water; soluble in kerosene and xylene.

Bensulide is an herbicide used for preemergent control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in agricultural crops (60–65% of all use). Current registered use sites are carrots, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables (mostly head lettuce), dry bulb vegetables (onions), cucurbits (mostly melons), and cole crops (cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, broccolini, and broccoflower). Bensulide can also be used on field-grown herbaceous plants and field-grownbulbs. Products containing bensulide are intended for outdoor homeowner use on lawns and ornamentals, and application by professional lawn care operators to lawns, ornamentals, parks, and recreation areas.

Herbicide.

Bensulide is synthesised through a process typical of organophosphate herbicides, involving the formation of a phosphorodithioate ester. The key production steps begin with the reaction of O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioic acid with a sulfonamide derivative, specifically, 2-(benzenesulfonamido)ethyl chloride. This coupling reaction forms the final bensulide molecule, S-[2-(benzenesulfonamido)ethyl] O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate.

ChEBI: Bensulide is a member of benzenes.

Highly toxic, cholinesterase inhibitor. Use may be restricted.

Herbicide: A selective pre-emergence herbicide used to control bluegrass, crabgrass and other annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in agriculture crops, cotton and turf. It is widely used on golf courses and home lawns. Target weeds also include barnyardgrass, burning nettle and canarygrass. Not approved for use in EU countries.

BENSUMEC®; BETAMEC®; BETASAN®; BETASAN®-E; BETASAN®-G; DISAN®; EXPORSAN®; KAYAPHENONE®; PREFAR®; PREFAR®-E; PRESAN ®; PROTURF®; R-4461®; SAP (herbicide)

Selective, absorbed through leaves and roots. Bensulide's mode of action in plants involves the inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongases, which are crucial for the formation of essential lipids required for proper cell membrane structure and function. It disrupts the formation of VLCFAs, leading to a cascade of downstream effects that inhibit root and shoot growth and so inhibits seed germination.

A selective preemergence organophosphate herbicide used to control bluegrass, crabgrass and other annual grasses and broadleaf weed s in agriculture crops, cotton and turf. It is widely used on golf courses and home lawns. Target weeds also include barnyard grass, burning nettle, and canary grass.

Bensulide was given in the diet for 104 weeks to rats at levels to achieve doses of 0, 1, 15, or 60 mg/kg/day . No cholinergic signs were observed at any dose. Increased absolute liver weights accompanied by mild histopathological changes (hepatocyte vacuolation and eosinophilic foci) occurred at 60 mg/kg/day, but there was no evidence of carcinogenic potential.
Bensulide was given in the diet for 78 weeks to mice at levels to achieve 0, 1, 50, or 200 mg/kg/day . Survival rates, clinical observations, and hematological parameters were unaffected at all doses. Decreased overall body weight gains, increased absolute and relative liver weights accompanied by histopathological changes (pale foci, cell atypia, and cell foci) occurred at 200 mg/kg/day (males only). Overall body weight gain was also reduced in males at 50 mg/kg/day, but there was no evidence of carcinogenic potential.

UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9—Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

Incompatible with oxidizers; chlorates nitrates, peroxides. Decomposes slowly in light and strong UV. Corrosive to copper, aluminum, magnesium, zinc. Slowly hydrolyzes in water, releasing ammonia gas and forming acetate salts. In the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides, organophosphates form highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Contact with oxidizers can cause the release of toxic oxides of phosphorus. Stable @ 80 C for 50 hours; decomposes @ 200° C in 18 40 hours.

Destruction by alkali hydrolysis or incineration. Containers must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

Herbicide