Caffeic acid methyl ester is an ester of a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in P. amplexicaule var. sinense and S. torvum fruits. At 40 mg/kg, it demonstrates antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic activity in diabetic rats, upregulating GLUT4 and regenerating pancreatic β-cells. At 10 mg/kg, it can induce anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in rat models of edema and pain, inhibiting nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α release.
