Europium(III) nitrate pentahydrate is primarily used as a dopant. It has been used to prepare Gd2O3-doped Eu (5 mol%) films.Europium-doped hafnium oxide (Eu3+:HfO2) may be prepared by a sol-gel process.Also, synthesis of europium doped zirconium carbonate nanoparticles may also be undertaken.
