Used to prepare thiol-functionalized 1.5 nm gold nanoparticles via a ligand exchange process with triphenylphosphine-stabilized nanoparticles.This compound is used in self-assembly to produce hydrophilic SAMs. The resulting monolayers which are terminated with carboxylic acids can be further functionalizedwith various amines and alcohols to introduce more complex end groups. Can also be used to control the rate of aggregation of gold colloidal nanoparticles using pH.