黄腐醇的应用
发布日期:2024/9/5 9:21:58
介绍
黄腐醇(Xanthohumol)是一种从啤酒花中提取的天然化合物,属于异戊烯类黄酮化合物。分子式为C21H22O5。外观为淡黄色晶体[1-3]。
黄腐醇
应用
黄腐醇是啤酒花中存在的异戊二烯化查尔酮,已被发现具有抗衰老、抗糖尿病、抗炎、抗微生物感染和抗肿瘤活性[4]。越来越多的实验结果发现,它能够抑制乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌等多种恶性肿瘤细胞的生长,从而起到抗肿瘤作用[5-8]。目前研究表明,它可以通过诱导活性氧(ROS)产生、抑制NF-κB及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/Akt/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白通路促进胃癌细胞凋亡[9-10],但其抗胃癌分子机制仍然尚未阐明。
目前,大部分用于治疗胃癌的化疗药物通过诱导细胞凋亡来抑制肿瘤生长,但在治疗过程中,肿瘤细胞常会对凋亡诱导剂产生一定的耐药性。因此,通过非凋亡机制或许能够克服该治疗的缺点。近年来,细胞焦亡获得越来越多的关注。细胞焦亡是一种由炎症反应介导的非凋亡性细胞程序性死亡方式[11]。在2017年首次研究发现化疗药物能够诱导肿瘤细胞发生焦亡现象,在化疗药物刺激下,GSDME蛋白高表达的肿瘤细胞系由于Caspase-3的切割而导致细胞不断胀大直至细胞膜破裂并释放细胞内容物,最终引起细胞焦亡[12]。研究发现,GSDME在SGC-7901细胞中高表达,并且进一步发现5-氟尿嘧啶能够激活Caspase-3/GSDME诱导胃癌细胞焦亡[13]。最新研究也显示,G9a组蛋白甲基转移酶抑制剂BIX-01294通过激活GSDME诱导的胃癌细胞焦亡增强了抗肿瘤化疗效果,相关机制研究结果表明与提高胃癌细胞中的自噬通量有关[14]。但是,目前诱导胃癌细胞焦亡机制仍然尚未完全阐明。研究结果发现,天然产物黄腐醇能够抑制SGC-7901细胞增殖、迁移,并且提高GSDME-N蛋白表达从而诱导细胞焦亡。
ROS是生物体有氧代谢产生的一类活性含氧分子的总称,在细胞内信号传导通路中发挥着重要作用[15]。正常条件下,细胞通过调控ROS的产生和消除来维系自身氧化还原动态平衡。与正常组织细胞相比,由于肿瘤细胞内氧化还原调控系统的少量缺失,导致肿瘤细胞内ROS水平相对较高[16]。因此,肿瘤细胞对ROS水平的变化更加敏感。基于此,目前通过上调ROS水平激活氧化应激来选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞[16]。已有多项研究发现,ROS参与介导肿瘤细胞焦亡过程[17-19]。SGC-7901细胞经黄腐醇处理后,能够浓度依赖性地提高ROS水平;但当NAC与黄腐醇联合处理后,GSDME-N蛋白表达降低,细胞焦亡数目明显减少且细胞焦亡现象被抑制,说明黄腐醇能够提高胃癌细胞内ROS水平诱导细胞焦亡。
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路是细胞内广泛存在的一类丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶超家族,其亚族主要包括ERK、c-Jun氨基末端激酶和p38 MAPK[20]。研究显示, MAPK通路激活与细胞死亡有关,并且ROS也能激活MAPK通路[21]。研究发现,当ERK抑制剂U0126或p38抑制剂BIRB与黄腐醇联合处理后,GSDME-N蛋白表达和焦亡现象被抑制,说明ERK/p38通路参与其诱导胃癌细胞焦亡。
综上所述,天然产物黄腐醇能够通过升高ROS水平和作用ERK/p38通路诱导SGC-7901细胞焦亡,丰富和扩展黄腐醇的抗胃癌机制,但具体调控机制有待进一步研究[22]。
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