2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物的合成及其应用
发布日期:2022/11/28 15:24:37
简介
2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物具有特殊的化学性质和药用活性,是许多医药、农药的中间体,应用前景非常广阔[1]。其还可用作医药及医药中间体、染发助剂、聚和物稳定剂、感光材料的抗氧化剂和抗灰雾剂等等[2-3]。
图1 2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物的结构式。
合成
图2 2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物的合成路线[4]。
步骤1:将乙酸钠(5.00g,61.1mmol,1.1当量)在乙酸酐(70mL)中的悬浮液加热回流。然后将D-半乳糖19(10.0克,55.5毫摩尔,1.0当量)分成小份(每次1至2克)加入到混合物中。每次添加后应立即关闭冷凝器!加入D-半乳糖后,混合物变成清洁溶液,在回流下再搅拌10分钟。然后在剧烈搅拌下将热溶液倒入1L烧杯中,该烧杯含有冰水(400mL),直到冰融化。向搅拌的溶液中加入CH2Cl2(120mL),然后除去水层。有机层用冰冷的水(3 x 400 mL)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(400 mL)和盐水(400 mL)洗涤。然后用Na2SO4干燥有机溶液,过滤,最后在减压下浓缩,得到粗黄色油,1H NMR显示存在4种化合物:α,β-呋喃糖和α,β吡喃糖。黄色油溶于最小量的Et2O(约25mL),通过加入石油醚(约50mL)开始沉淀,最后加入EtOH(约200mL)。将悬浮液在24°C下保持2-3小时,并在-20°C下储存16小时。然后过滤白色固体并用石油醚洗涤,得到白色固体≥ 95%的β-吡喃糖异头体。然后从随后在少量热EtOH中重结晶该固体获得纯β-异头体,并在室温下保持16小时。过滤晶体并用冷EtOH和石油醚洗涤。五-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖20,白色晶体(11.2克,28.7毫摩尔,47%)。
步骤2:在0℃下,在10分钟内将HBr在AcOH中的溶液(33%w/w,3.4 mL,0.058 mol,11.0当量)滴加到五-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖20(2.07 g,5.31 mmol)在9 mL无水CH2Cl2中的溶液中。将所得混合物在0°C下搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下搅拌,并通过TLC(EtOAc/己烷=2:3)监测反应过程,直到原料完全消失(约3小时)。所得混合物用10mL CH2Cl2稀释,用30mL饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤两次,用20mL H2O洗涤一次。然后用Na2SO4干燥有机相并在真空下浓缩。2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖基溴化物(2.16g,5.25mol,99%),白色泡沫。产物在下一步中使用,无需进一步纯化得到目标产物2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物。Rf=0.68,己烷/AcOEt 1:1。1H NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.67(d,1H,3 J 1,2=3.9 Hz,H 1),5.49(dapp,1H、H 4),5.37(dd,1H),3 J 2,3=10.6 Hz,3 J 3,4=3.3 Hz,H 3),5.01(dd,1 H,3 J 1,3=10.6 Hz,3 J 1,2=4.0 Hz,H 2),4.46(t,1H 3 J 5,6=6.3 Hz,H 5),4.19-4.04(m,2H,H 6),2.12,2.08,2.03,1.9 8(4 x s,12H,4 x COCH 3)。13C NMR(75 MHz,CDCl3)δ170.2、170.0、169.8、169.6(COCH3)、88.0(C1)、71.0(C5)、67.9(C3)、66.9(C2)、66.8(C4)、60.7(C6)。
用途
2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物被用来制备防霉剂或者医药中间体[5]。此外其也被用作工业用品染料稳定剂,日用化学品用于氨基酸型表面活性剂,近期成为保健药品疲劳恢复剂。2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物也是一水吡喃糖,抗酶剂,生物试剂生产的主要原料[6-8]。
贮存方法
2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物应贮存在干燥清洁避光的环境中,严禁与有毒物质混放,以免污染。而且还得将其储存于阴凉、通风的库房,远离火种、热源、水源。2,3,4,6-四乙酰氧基-alpha-D-吡喃糖溴化物也应与氧化剂分开存放,切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储存区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。
参考文献
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