咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯的合成及其应用
发布日期:2022/9/1 9:27:15
基本描述
咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯呈白色结晶粉末,CAS号是17325-26-7,分子式为C5H6N2O2以及分子量是126.11。熔点在154-156°C(lit.)之间,沸点是318.2±15.0°C(Predicted),密度是1.46g/cm3以及酸度系数(pKa)是10.89±0.10(Predicted)。它是一种化工中间体,一般按规定使用不会分解,还需要避氧化剂[1]。
图1 咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯的结构式。
合成
图2 咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯的合成路线[2-5]。
方法一
将1H-咪唑-4-羧酸甲酯1H-咪唑-4-羧酸(5g,44.6mmol)溶于MeOH(100ml)中。在0°C下向溶液中加入H2SO4(10 ml)。将所得混合物在80°C下搅拌过夜。在减压下浓缩溶剂。用NaHCO3水溶液将pH调节至9,并用EtOAc萃取。浓缩有机层得到产物。1H-NMR(400MHz;DMSO-d6)的产率为5.2g:δ3.74(s,3H),7.79(bs,2H),12.75(bs,1H)。LC-MS:[M+1]=127.23。经过核磁和质谱判断该化合物为咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯。
方法二
1H-咪唑-4-羧酸甲酯(1.0 g, 8.9 mmol),浓硫酸(1ml),甲醇(30 mL)搅拌溶液加热回流过夜。然后,该混合物在减压下浓缩,并在冷水和乙酸乙酯之间分配。收集有机层,减压浓缩得到1g (89%) 1h -咪唑-4-羧酸甲酯。咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯,收率1 g(89%)。
方法三
将1H-咪唑-4-羧酸(0.5g,0.00446mmol)、浓硫酸(0.5mL)和甲醇(20mL)的搅拌溶液加热回流过夜。在减压下浓缩反应混合物。残余物用冷水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取,并用碳酸氢钠洗涤有机层。有机层用硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,得到325mg(产率58%)1H-咪唑-4-羧酸甲酯。
应用
咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯是一种含有两个N原子的五元杂环化合物,其中的咪唑环是生物体内RNA和DNA嘌呤的组分。咪唑环是一种缺电子环,具有非中心对称结构,广泛存在于生物分子中[6]。咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯衍生物是一类新型的有效的双光子吸收化合物。其中,具有D-π-A 结构的咪唑有较大的双光子吸收截面和较高的荧光量子产率,有双光子诱导蓝光发射的光学特性,成为双光子荧光显微与成像的较好候选材料。许多此类咪唑衍生物还广泛应用于精细化工、离子液体等领域[7-9]。
咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯具有良好的生理活性,如作为大部分天然酶的活性中心功能基,能够参与许多重要的生物化学反应,因而被誉为“生物催化剂”或“生物配体”。同时它们还具有抗肿瘤、消炎、降血压等药理活性[10-11],如某些芳基咪唑衍生物还用作胰高血糖素受体的拮抗剂、5-脂肪氧合酶和 L-1 生物合成的抑制剂。近年来,因其在医药和农药领域的重要作用,咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯已经引起了国内外化学家对新型含氮杂环化合物合成及应用的热点研究。
咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯分子具有易功能化和良好的电子转移性等优点。最近,化学家们发现咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯是一类十分重要的有机功能材料,其在有机光电、制药、化学发光等领域有着广泛的应用[12-14]。近年来,基于咪唑杂原子的引入来改善光学非线性性能比优化和有机非线性光学材料(NLO)的透明性等方面的研究已成为科学家们的热点课题。
生态学数据
对水稍微有危害的,不要让未稀释或者大量产品接触地下水,水道或者污水系统。若无政府许可,勿将材料排入周围环境。
性质与稳定性
咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯受热不稳定,一般需要远离氧化物。
存储方法
将咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯储存于阴凉和通风的库房。使其远离火种和热源。它的包装必须通过合适的包材进行密封。咪唑-4-甲酸甲酯还应与氧化剂、酸类、食用化学品,药品等分开存放,一定不要讲其于上述提到的物品混合储存。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。
参考文献
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