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그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H301：삼키면 유독함

  H311：피부와 접촉하면 유독함

  H351：암을 일으킬 것으로 의심됨 (노출되어도 암을 일으키지 않는다는 결정적인 증거가 있는 노출경로가 있다면 노출경로 기재)

  H410：장기적 영향에 의해 수생생물에 매우 유독함

• 예방조치문구

  P273：환경으로 배출하지 마시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P301+P310：삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P312：불편함을 느끼면 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P501：...에 내용물 / 용기를 폐기 하시오.

클로르덱온 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Chemically, kepone is a chlorinated polycyclic insecticide and fungicide. Chlordecone was used as an insecticide for leaf-eating insects, ants, and cockroaches; as a larvicide for flies; and for control of insects that attack structures. Chlordecone was also used on bananas, nonbearing citrus trees, tobacco, ornamental shrubs, lawns, turf, and flowers. The dry powder is readily absorbed through the skin and respiratory tract. Occupational workers handling kepone without appropriate workplace safety dress and PPE suffered chemical poisoning. The symptoms included, tremors, jerky eye movements, memory loss, headaches, slurred speech, unsteadiness, lack of coordination, loss of weight, rash, enlarged liver, decreased libido, sterility, chest pain, and arthralgia (sharp pain, extending along a nerve or group of nerves, experienced in a joint and/or joints). Chlordecone was first introduced as a pesticide in 1958 and was used until 1978, when its use in the United States was discontinued (NCI 1976, IARC 1979, HSDB 2009).

• 화학적 성질

  Kerosene is a white to pale yellow, flammable liquid that has wide use in household and industrial activities. For instance, in heating, as cooking fuel, in cleaning, degreasing, as a solvent, for paints, enamels, polishes, varnishes, and in asphalt coating.

• 물리적 성질

  Colorless to tan, odorless, noncombustible, crystalline solid

• 용도

  Chlordecone, a chlorinated dicyclodiene compound, was introduced under the trade name Kepone in 1958. In the United States, Kepone found use as an ant and cockroach poison. Outside the United States, it was used primarily as a pesticide against the banana root borer. The compound is the ketone analog of mirex; it is a contaminant of mirex and is also a product of mirex degradation.

• 정의

  ChEBI: An organochlorine compound with insecticidal activity.

• 일반 설명

  Odorless colorless crystalline solid.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Insoluble in water.

• 반응 프로필

  A halogenated ketone. Ketones are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. They react violently with aldehydes, HNO3, HNO3 + H2O2, and HClO4.

• 건강위험

  INHALATION AND INGESTION: These symptoms present in all affected patients - Neurologic Impairment - anxiety, irritability, memory disturbance, headache, tremors, opsiclonus, stuttering, slurred speech, and abnormal tandem gait.

• 화재위험

  Flash point data for KEPONE (TM) are not available; however, KEPONE (TM) is probably combustible.

• 잠재적 노출

  Kepone was registered for the control of rootborers on bananas with a residue tolerance of 0.01 ppm. This constituted the only food or feed use of Kepone. Nonfood uses included wireworm control in tobacco fields and bait to control ants and other insects in indoor and outdoor areas. A rebuttable presumption against registration of chlordecone was issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency on March 25, 1976 on the basis of oncogenicity. The trademarked Kepone and products of six formulations were the subject of voluntary cancellation according to a United States Environmental Protection Agency notice dated July 27, 1977. In a series of decisions, the first of which was issued on June 17, 1976, the EPA effectively canceled all registered products containing Kepone as of May 1, 1978.

• Carcinogenicity

  Kepone (chlordecone) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

• 환경귀착

  Photolytic. Kepone-contaminated soils from a site in Hopewell, VA were analyzed by GC/MS. 8-Chloro and 9-chloro homologs identified suggested these were photodegradation products of kepone (Borsetti and Roach, 1978). Products identified from the photolysis of kepone in cyclohexane were 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,10-nonachloro-5,5-dihydroxypentacyclo[ 5.3.0.02,6.03,9.04,8]decane for the hydrate and 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,10-nonachloro-5,5- dimethoxypentacyclo[5.3.0.02,6.03,9.04,8]decane (Alley et al., 1974).
  Chemical/Physical. Readily reacts with moisture forming hydrates (Hollifield, 1979). Decomposes at 350°C (Windholz et al., 1983) probably emitting toxic chlorine fumes.

• 운송 방법

  UN2761 Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

• 비 호환성

  Acids, acid fumes.

• 폐기물 처리

  A process has been developed which effects chlordecone degradation by treatment of aqueous wastes with UV radiation in the presence of hydrogen in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Up to 95% decomposition was effected by this process. Chlordecone previously presented serious disposal problems because of its great resistance to bio- and photo degradation in the environment. It is highly toxic to normally occur in degrading microorganisms. Although it can undergo some photodecomposition when exposed to sunlight to the dihydro compound (leaving a compound with 8 chloro substituents) that degradation product does not significantly reduce toxicity. Disposal by incineration with HCl scrubbing is recommended.

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