암피실린 트리수화물

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H317：알레르기성 피부 반응을 일으킬 수 있음

  H334：흡입 시 알레르기성 반응, 천식 또는 호흡 곤란 등을 일으킬 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P261：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.

  P272：작업장 밖으로 오염된 의복을 반출하지 마시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P284：호흡 보호구를 착용하시오.

  P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

  P333+P313：피부자극성 또는 홍반이 나타나면 의학적인 조치·조언를 구하시오.

암피실린 트리수화물 MSDS

• Ampicillin

암피실린 트리수화물 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  Ampicillin in anhydrous form occurs as crystals.

• 용도

  Commonly used to select for ampicillin resistance in mutated and transformed cells

• Indications

  Ampicillin may also be helpful in certain patients, particularly pregnant women with acne, for whom the use of tetracycline, erythromycin, and minocycline should be avoided. In resistant acne patients, culture may reveal a gram-negative bacteria responsive to ampicillin.

• Antimicrobial activity

  Ampicillin is slightly less active than benzylpenicillin against most Gram-positive bacteria but is more active against E. faecalis. MRSA and strains of Str. pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to benzylpenicillin are resistant. Most group D streptococci, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci and bacilli, including L. monocytogenes, Actinomyces spp. and Arachnia spp., are susceptible. Mycobacteria and nocardia are resistant.
  Ampicillin has similar activity to benzylpenicillin against N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis and Mor. catarrhalis. It is 2–8 times more active than benzylpenicillin against H. influenzae and many Enterobacteriaceae, but β-lactamase-producing strains are resistant. Pseudomonas spp. are resistant, but Bordetella, Brucella, Legionella and Campylobacter spp. are often susceptible. Certain Gram-negative anaerobes such as Prevotella melaninogenica and Fusobacterium spp. are susceptible, but B. fragilis is resistant, as are mycoplasmas and rickettsiae.
  Activity against molecular class A β-lactamase-producing strains of staphylococci, gonococci, H. influenzae, Mor. catarrhalis, certain Enterobacteriaceae and B. fragilis is enhanced by the presence of β-lactamase inhibitors, specifically clavulanic acid.
  Its bactericidal activity resembles that of benzylpenicillin. Bactericidal synergy occurs with aminoglycosides against E. faecalis and many enterobacteria, and with mecillinam against a number of ampicillin-resistant enterobacteria.

• 원료

  β-Lactamase-producing pathogens, including most clinical isolates of Staph. aureus, are resistant. Strains of pneumococci, enterococci, gonococci and H. influenzae with altered PBPs have reduced susceptibility to ampicillin. Isolates of N. gonorrhoeae and H. influenzae with a TEM plasmid- mediated β-lactamase (which are more common) are fully resistant. Resistance among H. influenzae is often linked with resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin or tetracycline, due to plasmid-encoded resistance markers that are co-transferred with the gene for the TEM enzyme. However, at least 70% of current H. influenzae isolates remain susceptible to ampicillin worldwide.
  The widespread use of ampicillin and other aminopenicillins has led to resistance becoming common in formerly susceptible species of enteric pathogens as a result of the widespread dissemination of plasmid-mediated β-lactamases. Surveillance data from North America and Europe indicate less than 50% susceptibility to ampicillin in Esch. coli. At least 90% of current isolates of Mor. catarrhalis are β-lactamaseproducing strains. Ampicillin-resistant strains of salmonellae, notably S. enterica serotypes Typhi and Typhimurium (many of which are also resistant to chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and tetracyclines) present a serious problem in Africa, Asia and South America. Multiresistant strains of shigellae also predominate in many parts of the world.

• 일반 설명

  Odorless white microcrystalline powder with a bitter taste. A 0.25% solution in water has a pH of 3.5 to 5.5.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Slightly soluble in water.

• 반응 프로필

  Ampicillin absorbs insignificant amounts of moisture at 77° F and relative humidities up to approximately 80%, but under damper conditions Ampicillin absorbs significant amounts. A pH-rate profile reveals specific-acid- and specific-base- catalyzed hydrolysis. The pH of maximum stability is 5.8.

• 화재위험

  Flash point data for Ampicillin are not available; however, Ampicillin is probably combustible.

• 색상 색인 번호

  Ampicillin caused contact dermatitis in a nurse also sensitized to amoxicillin (with tolerance to oral phenoxymethylpenicillin) and in a pharmaceutical factory worker. Systemic drug reactions are common. Crossreactivity is regular with ampicillin and can occur with other penicillins.

• Clinical Use

  Isolates should be tested for susceptibility before use, especially for serious infections. For oral therapy, amoxicillin is preferable to ampicillin.
  Urinary tract infections
  Bacterial meningitis
  Respiratory tract infections
  Gastrointestinal infections, including typhoid fever and bacillary dysentery Enterococcal endocarditis and septicemia (in combination with an aminoglycoside)
  Listeriosis (in combination with an aminoglycoside)

• Safety Profile

  Mildly toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO,xand NOx.

• 잠재적 노출

  Used as an antibiotic.

• 운송 방법

  UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

• 비 호환성

  May be incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

• 폐기물 처리

  It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.

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