페닐수은 질산

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H301：삼키면 유독함

  H314：피부에 심한 화상과 눈에 손상을 일으킴

  H372：장기간 또는 반복 노출되면 장기(또는, 영향을 받은 알려진 모든 장기를 명시)에 손상을 일으킴

  H410：장기적 영향에 의해 수생생물에 매우 유독함

• 예방조치문구

  P260：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이를 흡입하지 마시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P270：이 제품을 사용할 때에는 먹거나, 마시거나 흡연하지 마시오.

  P273：환경으로 배출하지 마시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P301+P310：삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P301+P330+P331：삼켰다면 입을 씻어내시오. 토하게 하려 하지 마시오.

  P303+P361+P353：피부(또는 머리카락)에 묻으면 오염된 모든 의복은 벗거나 제거하시오 피부를 물로 씻으시오/샤워하시오.

  P304+P340：흡입하면 신선한 공기가 있는 곳으로 옮기고 호흡하기 쉬운 자세로 안정을 취하시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

  P310：즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오. 삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 도움을 받으시오.

  P314：불편함을 느끼면 의학적인 조치·조언을 구하시오.

  P321：(…) 처치를 하시오.

  P330：입을 씻어내시오.

  P363：다시 사용전 오염된 의류는 세척하시오.

  P391：누출물을 모으시오.

  P405：밀봉하여 저장하시오.

  P501：...에 내용물 / 용기를 폐기 하시오.

페닐수은 질산 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  white crystalline powder

• 용도

  Pharmaceutic aid (antimicrobial agent).

• 생산 방법

  Phenylmercuric nitrate is readily formed by heating benzene with mercuric acetate, and treating the resulting acetate with an alkali nitrate.

• 일반 설명

  Lustrous scales decomposing at 187-190°C. Very slightly soluble in water. Used as an antiseptic, germicide, fungicide.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Very slightly soluble in water.

• 반응 프로필

  Strongly reactive with many other groups. Incompatible with acids and bases. Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents. Often reactive with water to generate toxic or flammable gases. Generally highly toxic. Often react on contact with tissues to give toxic products.

• 건강위험

  Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

• 화재위험

  Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

• Pharmaceutical Applications

  Phenylmercuric salts are used as antimicrobial preservatives mainly in ophthalmic preparations, but are also used in cosmetics, parenteral, and topical pharmaceutical formulations;
  Phenylmercuric salts are active over a wide pH range against bacteria and fungi and are usually used in neutral to alkaline solutions, although they have also been used effectively at slightly acid pH. In acidic formulations, phenylmercuric nitrate may be preferred to phenylmercuric acetate or phenylmercuric borate as it does not precipitate.
  Phenylmercuric nitrate is also an effective spermicide, although its use in vaginal contraceptives is no longer recommended;
  A number of adverse reactions to phenylmercuric salts have been reported, and concern at the toxicity of mercury compounds may preclude the use of phenylmercuric salts under certain circumstances;

• Safety Profile

  Poison by intravenous route. FDA over-the-counter drug. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Hg and NOx. See also MERCURY COMPOUNDS and NITRATES.

• Safety

  Phenylmercuric nitrate and other phenylmercuric salts have been widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in parenteral and topical pharmaceutical formulations. However, concern over the use of phenylmercuric salts in pharmaceuticals has increased as a result of greater awareness of the toxicity of mercury and other mercury compounds. This concern must, however, be balanced by the effectiveness of these materials as antimicrobial preservatives and the low concentrations in which they are employed.
  Phenylmercuric salts are irritant to the skin at 0.1% w/w concentration in petrolatum.In solution, they may give rise to erythema and blistering 6–12 hours after administration. In a modified repeated insult patch test, a 2% w/v solution was found to produce extreme sensitization of the skin.
  Eye drops containing phenylmercuric nitrate as a preservative should not be used continuously for prolonged periods as mercurialentis, a brown pigmentation of the anterior capsule of the lens may occur. Incidence is 6% in patients using eye drops for greater than 6 years; however, the condition is not associated with visual impairment.Cases of atypical band keratopathy have also been attributed to phenylmercuric nitrate preservative in eye drops.
  Concern that the absorption of mercury from the vagina may be harmful has led to the recommendation that phenylmercuric nitrate should not be used in intravaginal formulations.
  (mouse, IV): 27 mg/kg
  (mouse, oral): 50 mg/kg
  (rat, SC): 63 mg/kg

• 저장

  All phenylmercuric compound solutions form a black residue of metallic mercury when exposed to light or after prolonged storage. Solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving, although significant amounts of phenylmercuric salts may be lost, hence reducing preservative efficacy, owing to incompatibilities with packaging components or other excipients, e.g. sodium metabisulfite.
  Phenylmercuric nitrate should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

• 비 호환성

  The antimicrobial activity of phenylmercuric salts may be reduced in the presence of anionic emulsifying agents and suspending agents, tragacanth, starch, talc, sodium metabisulfite,sodium thiosulfate,disodium edetate,and silicates (bentonite, aluminum magnesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, and kaolin).
  Phenylmercuric salts are incompatible with halides, particularly bromides and iodides, as they form less-soluble halogen compounds. At concentrations of 0.002% w/v precipitation may not occur in the presence of chlorides. Phenylmercuric salts are also incompatible with aluminum and other metals, ammonia and ammonium salts, amino acids, and with some sulfur compounds, e.g. in rubber.
  Phenylmercuric salts are absorbed by rubber stoppers and some types of plastic packaging components; uptake is usually greatest to natural rubbers and polyethylene, and least to polypropylene. Incompatibilities with some types of filter membranes may also result in loss of phenylmercuric salts following sterilization by filtration.

• Regulatory Status

  Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (parenteral and ophthalmic preparations). Included in parenteral products and eye drops in the EU. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients (ophthalmic, nasal and otic preparations only up to 0.002%; there must be no other suitable alternative preservative).
  Prohibited in first aid antiseptic drug products, antimicrobial diaper rash drug products and vaginal contraceptive drug products in the USA. Limited uses permitted in Japan and the EU for cosmetics.

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