ナノダイヤモンド (粒子径: <10nm) (水素末端)

ナノダイヤモンド (粒子径: <10nm) (水素末端) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  炭素の同素体の一つ．純粋なものは無色の結晶．屈折率が高く，モース硬さ10で，鉱物中最高．宝石，研磨材，切削工具などに用いられる．

• 応用

  ダイヤモンドのユニークな物理的特性は宝石としての価値だけでなく科学研究や産業界においても広範囲にわたる応用を可能にしています例えばその極端な硬度は切削工具やドリルビットに用いられ最も困難な材料の加工を可能にしますまたダイヤモンドの高い熱伝導率は電子機器の熱管理において重要な役割を果たしています

• 化学的特性

  ダイヤモンドはその驚異的な輝きと硬さで知られる貴重な宝石です化学的にはダイヤモンドは炭素の同素体の一つで炭素原子が四面体構造を形成して結合していますこの特有の結晶構造がダイヤモンドの非常に高い硬度と熱伝導率をもたらします

• 物理的性質

  The space lattice of a diamond belongs to the cubic system, and its diamond structure has a lattice constant of a=0.3560 nm and a cleavage plane of 111.
  Diamond is classified optically as Type I and Type II. Type I shows the absorption bands at 8 and 20.8 mm by the impurities other than the 5 mm absorption band. On the other hand, Type II shows the 5 mm absorption band only. The transmittance of Type II is T=60% for wavelengths longer than 6 mm. There is no other material that shows such an optical property.

• 定義

  An allotrope of CARBON. It is the hardest naturally occurring substance and is used for jewelry and, industrially, for cutting and drilling equipment. Each carbon atom is surrounded by four equally spaced carbon atoms arranged tetrahedrally. The carbon atoms form a three-dimensional network with each carbon–carbon bond equal to 0.154 nm and at an angle of 109.5° with its neighbors. In diamonds millions of atoms are covalently bonded to form a giant molecular structure, the great strength of which results from the strong covalent bonds. Diamonds can be formed synthetically from graphite in the presence of a catalyst and under extreme temperature and pressure; although small, such diamonds are of adequate size for many industrial uses.

• 生産方法

  自然界でのダイヤモンドの生成には数十億年かかることがありますが科学者たちは実験室内でダイヤモンドを合成する方法を開発していますこれらの合成ダイヤモンドは自然に生成されたものと同等の物理的化学的特性を持ち宝石や産業用途においてより持続可能で倫理的な選択肢を提供します

• 化学性质

  硬度モース硬度10という最高レベルの硬さを持ち他の物質を簡単に切断・研磨することができます熱伝導率ダイヤモンドは金属を超える熱伝導率を持ち非常に効率的に熱を伝達します光学特性ダイヤモンドは高い屈折率と分散率を持ち光を強く曲げて美しい輝きを放ちます

• 工業用途

  Diamond is the cubic crystalline form of carbon.When pure, diamond is water clear, butimpurities add shades of opaqueness including black. It is the hardest natural material with ahardness on the Knoop scale ranging from 5500to 7000. It will scratch and be scratched by thehardest anthropogenic material Borozon. It hasa specific gravity of 3.5. Diamond has a meltingpoint of around 3871°C, at which point it willgraphitize and then vaporize. Diamonds aregenerally electrical insulators and nonmagnetic.Synthetic diamonds are produced from graphiteat extremely high pressures (5444 to 12,359.9MPa) and temperatures from 1204 to 2427°C.They are up to 0.01 carat in size and are comparableto the quality of industrial diamonds.In powder form they are used in cutting wheels.Of all diamonds mined, about 80% by weightare used in industry. Roughly 45% of the totalindustrial use is in grinding wheels. Tests haveshown that under many conditions syntheticdiamonds are better than mined diamonds inthis application.

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