ビタミンA

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H317：アレルギー性皮膚反応を起こすおそれ

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H413：長期的影響により水生生物に有害のおそれ

• 注意書き

  P201：使用前に取扱説明書を入手すること。

  P273：環境への放出を避けること。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P302+P352：皮膚に付着した場合：多量の水と石鹸で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P308+P313：暴露または暴露の懸念がある場合：医師の診断/手当てを 受けること。

ビタミンA 価格

ビタミンA 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 定義

  本品は、共役不飽和脂環式アルコールである。

• 性質

  淡黄色柱状晶 (石油エーテル)．mp. 62～64 °C，bp. 120～125 °C (5×10-3 mmHg)．λmax 325 nm，ε 52480 (エタノール中)．CHCl3 中でSbCl3 と青藍色錯体 (λmax 620 nm，E1cm1％ 5070)．紫外線で蛍光，不活性化．空気酸化を受けやすいが，エステル純溶液は安定．3-デヒドロ体も空気酸化を受けやすい

• 解説

  ビタミンA,ビタミンエー,アクセロフトール(axerophthol)，ビタミン A1，レチノール，A1 アルコールともいう．ビタミンAはretinolを意味し，ビタミン A2 発見以来，区別するためビタミン A1 とよぶ．淡黄色の柱状結晶．融点62～64 ℃．λmax 325 nm(2-プロパノール)で吸光係数E1cm1％1830．多くの有機溶媒，油脂に可溶，水に不溶．ビタミンAのクロロホルム溶液はSbCl3によって深青色を呈し，その吸収極大は620 nm にあり，E1cm1％5070である．そのほかの呈色試薬としては2,3-ジクロロ-1-プロパノール(GDH)がある．空気酸化を受けやすく，熱や紫外線に対しても不安定である．

• 生物学的性質

  欠乏症：夜盲症などの眼疾患，皮膚の角質化．成長阻害，生殖力消失　機能：アルデヒド体(レチナール)は網膜中の視物質ロドプシンの成分．3-デヒドロ体 (A2)は30％の活性をもつほか， β-カロテンなどは動物体内でAに変化

• 化粧品の成分用途

  皮膚コンディショニング剤

• 効能

  ビタミンA補充薬, レチノイン酸受容体(RAR)作動薬

• 商品名

  チョコラ (サンノーバ)

• 存在

  魚肝油，ミルク，バター，卵黄，胚芽に存在し，肝油類の不けん化部分から得るか，または合成する．生体内では遊離アルコール型のほか，パルミチン酸，ステアリン酸，オレイン酸などのエステルとして存在することが認められている．ビタミンAの欠乏は夜盲症，皮膚の異常乾燥症，および角化亢進，骨変化，神経変性および成長発育の停止の病因となる．

• 説明

  Human vitamin A is derived from the natural food. Natural vitamin A exists in dif ferent forms. In animal tissues, vitamin A is present in the form of retinoids. However, in plants, the form of vitamin A called carotenoids is contained in the green, orange, and yellow plant tissue. Vitamin A compounds such as retinol, reti nal, carotene, and so on from these foods can be converted to vitamin A in the human body. Therefore, food is the main source of vitamin A.
  As early as 1000 years ago, the Qian Jin Yao Fang written by Sun Simiao in Tang Dynasty recorded that animal liver can cure night blindness. This is the early recognition in vitamin A supplementation. The traditional Chinese medicine books also recorded that nourishing the liver can improve eyesight. Researches on the therapy of vitamin A deficient-diseases are mainly related to nourishing the liver and kidney, supplementing essence and blood, and activating qi

• 分布

  脊椎動物，とくに肝臓に多い．3-デヒドロ体(A2)は淡水魚に多く含まれる

• 化学的特性

  Yellow-Orange Powder

• 物理的性質

  Vitamin A1 (VA1), Molecular formula, C20H30O; MW, 286.45; CAS, 68-26-8. Melting point: 62–64 °C. Boiling point: 137–138 °C
  VA2, Molecular formula, C20H28O; MW, 284.44; Melting point: 17–19 °C.

• 来歴

  The vitamin research is the great achievement in the development of life sciences, while human beings only took half a century to discover and understand vitamins. However, everything is still very difficult for scientists in the early stage of vitamin discovery. From 1913 to 1915, Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis indicated that the growth rate was maintained by at least two different kinds of growth factors: one can be separated from eggs or butter, and the other one which multiple neuritis of chicks and pigeons can be extracted by water; thus they were named fat-soluble vitamin A and water-soluble vitamin B.prevented
  In 1919, the researchers demonstrated that fat-soluble vitamin A not only sup ported the rate of growth but also prevented eye dryness and night blindness in the process of property study. In 1920, Dr. J.C. Drummond named this active lipid as vitamin A. It exists in cod liver oil and prevents the occurrence of eye dryness and night blindness.

• 使用

  Occurs preformed only in animals; metabolized from carotenoids, such β-carotene, in the intestinal mucosa. Dietary sources include liver, milk, butter, cheese, eggs and fish liver oils or as carotenoi s from fruits and vegetables. Stored primarily in the liver in esterified form; transported in the blood by retinol binding protein (RBP). Nutritional factor.

• 適応症

  Vitamin A, or retinol, is essential for the proper maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of epithelial cells, and it plays a major role in epithelial differentiation. Bone development and growth in children have also been linked to adequate vitamin A intake. Vitamin A, when reduced to the aldehyde 11-cis-retinal, combines with opsin to produce the visual pigment rhodopsin. This pigment is present in the rods of the retina and is partly responsible for the process of dark adaptation.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.

• 世界保健機関（WHO）

  Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, is used in the treatment and prevention of vitamin A deficiency resulting from inadequate dietary intake. It has been demonstrated to be teratogenic at high doses (more than 25,000 IU per day). Daily dosages of less than 10000 IU seem to be free of this risk. Retinol (vitamin A) is listed in the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs.

• 一般的な説明

  Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are the aldehyde, alcohol and acid forms of vitamin A. The retinoids exist as many geometric isomers due to the unsaturated bonds in the aliphatic chain. Retinol is biologically active in a wide range of processes.

• 臨床応用

  Principal dietary sources of vitamin A are milk fat (cheese and butter) and eggs. Since it is stored in the liver, inclusion of liver in the diet also provides vitamin A. A plant pigment, carotene, is a precursor for vitamin A and is present in highly pigmented vegetables, such as carrots, rutabaga, and red cabbage.
  An early sign of hypovitaminosis A is night blindness. This condition is related to the role of vitamin A as the prosthetic group of the visual pigment rhodopsin. The night blindness may progress to xerophthalmia (dryness and ulceration of the cornea) and blindness. Other symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include cessation of growth and skin changes due to hyperkeratosis.
  Since vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, any disease that results in fat malabsorption and impaired liver storage brings with it the risk of vitamin A deficiency; these conditions include biliary tract disease, pancreatic disease, sprue, and hepatic cirrhosis. One group at great risk are children from low-income families, who are likely to lack fresh vegetables (carotene) and dairy products (vitamin A) in the diet.

• 副作用

  Acute hypervitaminosis A results in drowsiness, headache, vomiting, papilledema, and a bulging fontanel in infants. The symptoms of chronic toxicity include scaly skin, hair loss, brittle nails, and hepatosplenomegaly. Anorexia, irritability, and swelling of the bones have been seen in children. Retardation of growth also may occur. Liver toxicity has been associated with excessive vitamin A intake. Vitamin A is teratogenic in large amounts, and supplements should not be given during a normal pregnancy. The IOM has reported the UL of vitamin A to be 3,000 μg/day.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion: developmental abnormalities of the craniofacial area and urogenital system. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

• 純化方法

  Purify retinol by chromatography on columns of water-deactivated alumina and elute with 3-5% acetone in hexane. Separate the isomers by TLC plates on silica gel G, developed with pet ether (low boiling)/methyl heptanone (11:2). Store it in the dark, under N2, at 0o, or in Et2O, Me2CO or EtOAc. [See Gunghaly et al. Arch Biochem Biophys 38 75 1952, Beilstein 6 IV 4133.]

ビタミンA 上流と下流の製品情報

ビタミンA 生産企業

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ビタミンA スペクトルデータ(IR1、IR2、MS)

68-26-8, ビタミンA キーワード