サマリウム

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H228：可燃性固体

  H261：水に触れると可燃性/引火性ガスを発生

• 注意書き

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P231+P232：湿気を遮断し、不活性ガス下で取り扱うこと。

  P240：容器を接地すること/アースをとること。

  P241：防爆型の電気機器/換気装置/照明機器/．．．機器を使 用すること。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P370+P378：火災の場合：消火に．．．を使用すること。

サマリウム 価格

サマリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  Sm．原子番号62の元素．電子配置[Xe]4f 66s2の周期表3族ランタノイド元素．希土類元素セリウム族の一つ．原子量150.36(2)．質量数144(3.07(7)％)，147(14.99(18)％)，148(11.24(10)％)，149(13.82(7)％)，150(7.38(1)％)，152(26.75(16)％)，154(22.75(29)％)の7種の天然に存在する同位体と，質量数128の放射性同位体が知られている．天然に存在する同位体のうち，146Sm，147Sm，148Sm はそれぞれ，半減期1.03×108 y，1.06×1011 y，7×1015 y のα放射体である．
  森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

• 特性

  単体は黄灰色の金属，融点 1072℃，比重 7.536。ごく弱い天然放射能をもつ。熱水と作用して水素を発生し，無機酸に溶ける。3価の陽イオンのほか2価もつくる。

• 用途

  耐熱性永久磁石，サマリウム-コバルト磁石(SmCo5，Sm2Co17，Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr))用が最大の用途である．

  1980年代にはウォークマンなどヘッドフォンに多用されたが，より安価で強力なNd-Fe-B磁石にとってかわられた．携帯電話用にはまだ使われることもある．

• 化学的特性

  silvery grey powder

• 物理的性質

  Samarium is a hard, brittle, silver-white metal. When freshly cut, it does not tarnish significantlyunder normal room temperature conditions. Four of its isotopes are radioactive andemit alpha particles (helium nuclei). They are Sm-146, Sm-147, Sm-148, and Sm-149.
  Its melting point is 1,074°C, its boiling point is 1,794°C, and its density is 7.52g.cm³.

• 同位体

  There are 41 known isotopes of samarium. Seven of these are consideredstable. Sm-144 makes up just 3.07% of the natural occurring samarium, Sm-150 makesup 7.38% of natural samarium found on Earth, Sm-152 constitutes 26.75%, and Sm-154 accounts for 22.75%. All the remaining isotopes are radioactive and have very longhalf-lives; therefore, they are considered “stable.” All three contribute to the natural occurrenceof samarium: Sm-147 = 14.99%, Sm-148 = 11.24%, and Sm-149 = 13.82%.
  Samarium is one of the few elements with several stable isotopes that occur naturallyon Earth.

• 名前の由来

  It is named after the mineral samarskite.

• 天然物の起源

  Samarium is the 39th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and the fifth in abundance(6.5 ppm) of all the rare-earths. In 1879 samarium was first identified in the mineralsamarskite [(Y, Ce U, Fe)₃ (Nb, Ta, Ti₅)O₁₆]. Today, it is mostly produced by the ion-exchangeprocess from monazite sand. Monazite sand contains almost all the rare-earths, 2.8% of whichis samarium. It is also found in the minerals gadolinite, cerite, and samarskite in South Africa,South America, Australia, and the southeastern United States. It can be recovered as a byproductof the fission process in nuclear reactors.

• 特性

  Samarium is somewhat resistant to oxidation in air but will form a yellow oxide over time. Itignites at the rather low temperature of 150°C. It is an excellent reducing agent, releases hydrogenwhen immersed in water, and has the capacity to absorb neutrons in nuclear reactors.

• 使用

  Samarium is easy to magnetize, but very difficult to demagnetize. This makes it ideal forthe manufacture of permanent magnets (SmCo₅) that are part of the hard disks for computers.Samarium is also used as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors, as well as for lasers andmetallurgical research. It makes up about 1% of the metals in misch metal, an alloy in cigarettelighter flints. It is also one of several rare-earths used in floodlights and carbon-arc lights usedby the motion picture industry. Samarium is used as a catalyst in several industries, includingthe dehydrogenation of ethanol alcohol.

• 定義

  A silvery element of the lanthanoid series of metals. It occurs in association with other lanthanoids. Samarium is used in the metallurgical, glass, and nuclear industries. Symbol: Sm; m.p. 1077°C; b.p. 1791°C; r.d. 7.52 (20°C); p.n. 62; r.a.m. 150.36.

• 危険性

  The salts of samarium are toxic if ingested. These salts react with water, liberating hydrogen,which may explode.

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