フェンバレレート

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H301：飲み込むと有毒

  H315：皮膚刺激

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H335：呼吸器への刺激のおそれ

  H410：長期的影響により水生生物に非常に強い毒性

• 注意書き

  P261：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーの吸入を避ける こと。

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P273：環境への放出を避けること。

  P301+P310：飲み込んだ場合：直ちに医師に連絡すること。

  P302+P352：皮膚に付着した場合：多量の水と石鹸で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

フェンバレレート 価格

フェンバレレート 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  ごくうすい黄色〜黄色, 澄明の液体

• 溶解性

  水に難溶 (0.1mg/100ml, 20℃)。有機溶剤に易溶。水 ＜10μg/l(25℃)。n-ヘキサン53, キシレン ＞200, メタノール84(全てg/l 20℃)。アセトンに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。

• 解説

  フェンバレレート,黄褐色の粘ちゅうな液体．沸点300 ℃(4.9 kPa)．水溶解度10 μg L－1(25 ℃)以下．フェンバレレートは，ピレスロイドと同様に神経細胞Naチャンネルのブロッカーで，速効的な殺虫効果を示す．天然ピレスロイドの欠点であった光に対する不安定性を克服して，本格的な農薬として使用可能となった最初の合成ピレスロイドである．LD50 451 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．

  森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
  

• 用途

  合成ピレスロイド農業用殺虫剤

• 製造

  フェンバレレート,スミサイジンともいう．水酸化カリウム存在下，p-クロロベンジルシアニドとイソプロピルクロリドとを反応後加水分解し，ついで塩化チオニルと反応させて(RS)-2-(4-クロロフェニル)-イソバレリルクロリドとし，α-シアノ-3-フェノキシベンジルアルコールを塩基の存在下で反応させると得られる．

• 効能

  抗寄生虫薬, 殺虫薬

• 農薬用途

  動物薬、殺虫剤、ダニ駆除剤

• 説明

  Fenvalerate is a yellow-brown viscous liquid that is practically soluble in water. It is stable to moderate heat and light and is rapidly hydrolysed in basic environments (above pH 8). Fenvalerate is a racemic mixture of four stereoisomers in equal proportions owing to the presence of two chiral centres. It is a synthetic type II pyrethroid.
  Fenvalerate is registered as an insecticide for a wide array of crop uses, as well as a termiticide and insect repellent.

• 化学的特性

  It is an ester of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol but lacks a cyclopropane ring. However, in terms of its insecticidal behaviour, it belongs to the pyrethroid insecticides. Technical grade fenvalerate is a yellow or brown viscous liquid having a specific gravity of 1.175 at 25°C. The vapour pressure is 0.037 mPa at 25°C, and it is relatively non-volatile. It is practically insoluble in water (approximately 2 μg/L) but soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, xylene, and kerosene. It is stable to light, heat, and moisture but unstable in alkaline media.

• 使用

  Fenvalerate controls a wide range of insect pests in fruit, vines, olives, hops, nuts, vegetables, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflowers, alfalfa, cereals, maize, sorghum, potatoes, beets, soyabeans, tobacco, sugar cane and ornamentals. It is also used in public health situations and in animal houses.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.

• 一般的な説明

  A clear viscious yellow liquid with a mild odor. Used as broad spectrum insecticide.

• 空気と水の反応

  Insoluble in water. Rapidly hydrolyzed by alkaline solution.

• 反応プロフィール

  A pyrethroid. Phenvalerate is an ester and nitrile. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids).

• 危険性

  Questionable carcinogen.

• 作用机制

  神経軸索膜の興奮機構に関わるナトリウムチャンネルに作用し，神経伝達をかく乱する

• 接触アレルゲン

  Fenvalerate is an insecticide of the synthetic pyrethroid group, which induced sensitization in farmers.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and intracerebral routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact.Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Highly toxic to fish and bees. Corrosive, causes eye damage. A skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-, NOx, and CN-. See also CYANIDE.

• 職業ばく露

  Fenvalerate is one of the most versatile synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. It is mostly used in agriculture and on cattle, but also in homes and gardens. It acts as a stomach poison against a wide variety of leaf and fruit eating such as bollworm fruit and shoot borers and aphids. Crops on which it is used include cotton, cauliflower, okra, vines and fruits. It is also used in public health and animal husbandry. It is effective against pests whose strains are resistant to organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides. Not used in EU countries

• 環境運命予測

  Soil. Fenvalerate is moderately persistent in soil. The percentage of the initial dosage (1 ppm) remaining after 8 weeks of incubation in an organic and mineral soil were 58 and 12%, respectively, while in sterilized controls 100 and 91% remained, respectively (Chapman et al., 1981).
  In a sugarcane runoff plot, fenvalerate was applied at a rate of 0.22 kg/ha 4 times each year in 1980 and 1981. Runoff losses in 1980 and 1981 were 0.08 and 0.56 of the applied amount, respectively (Smith et al., 1983).
  Plant. Dislodgable residues of fenvalerate on cotton leaf 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after application (0.22 kg/ha) were 0.85, 0.36, 0.38, 0.28 and 0.28 μg/m2, respectively (Buck et al., 1980).
  Surface Water. In an estuary, the half-life of fenvalerate was 27–42 days (Schimmel et al., 1983).
  Chemical/Physical. Undergoes hydrolysis at the ester bond (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Decomposes gradually at 150–300°C (Windholz et al., 1983) probably releasing toxic fumes of nitrogen and chlorine.

• 代謝経路

  After foliar treatment of 14C-fenvalerate on wheat plants, the amount of residual radioactivity in the grain and hull is below the limit of reliable measurement. Individual degradation products accounting for more than 1% of the applied radioactivity are not present in the foliage or straw. Important degradation pathways include decarboxylation and ester cleavage.

• 輸送方法

  UN3349 Pyrethroid pesticide, solid toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material. UN3352 Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

• 不和合性

  ncompatible with oxidizers, chlorates nitrates, peroxides, sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin. Moisture may cause hydrolysis or other forms of decomposition. Emulsifiable concentrate is corrosive

• 廃棄物の処理

  Incineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed with large amounts of combustible material and contact with the smoke should be avoided. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers

• 参考文献

  [1] http://www.toxipedia.org
  [2] Y. Xia, Q. Bian, L. Xu, S. Cheng, L. Song, J. Liu, W. Wu, S. Wang and X. Wang, Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to fenvalerate, Toxicology, 2004, vol. 203, 49-60
  [3] Terry R Roberts, David H Hutson, Philip W Lee, Peter H Nicholls and Jack R Plimmer, Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals: Part 2: Insecticides and Fungicides, 1999

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