二硫化炭素

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H225：引火性の高い液体および蒸気

  H315：皮膚刺激

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H332：吸入すると有害

  H372：長期にわたる、または反復暴露により臓器の障 害

• 注意書き

  P201：使用前に取扱説明書を入手すること。

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P308+P313：暴露または暴露の懸念がある場合：医師の診断/手当てを 受けること。

二硫化炭素 価格

二硫化炭素 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  無色澄明の液体

• 性質

  二硫化炭素は、融点が-112.1℃、沸点が46℃、引火点が-30℃できわめて引火しやすく、青い炎をあげて燃えます。比重が1.26、屈折率が大きいことで知られています。純度の高いものは、エーテルのような芳香を持っていますが、市販品の純度のものは一般的に悪臭を持っています。水には難溶で、、、エーテル、、四塩化炭素などとはよく溶け合います。

• 反応

  二硫化炭素は燃焼させると、二酸化硫黄と二酸化炭素を生成します (CS₂+O₂→SO₂+CO₂)。また、塩素とも反応して四塩化炭素を与えます (CS₂+3Cl₂→CCl₄+S₂Cl₂)。第一級および第二級アミンが二硫化炭素に付加すると、ジチオカルバミン酸アンモニウムを生じ (2R₂NH+CS₂→R₂NH₂⁺R₂NCS₂^-)、アルコキシドからはキサントゲン酸塩を生じます (RONa+CS₂→ROCS₂Na)。

• 溶解性

  水に難溶 (0.22g/100ml 22℃)アルコール, エーテルに可溶。エタノール及びジエチルエーテルに極めて溶けやすく、水に極めて溶けにくい。

• 解説

  CS2(76.14)．天然に，石炭や原油にも微量含まれている．工業的には，木炭と硫黄蒸気を過熱するか，触媒の存在下でCH4と硫黄蒸気を反応させて合成する．二硫化炭素は，気体では，S-C-Sの直線形分子．S-C約1.56 Å．固体は正方晶系．密度1.263 g cm－3．融点－111.6 ℃，沸点46.5 ℃．揮発性，引火性，屈折率が大きい．液体は無色で長く放置すると，室温でもしだいに分解して黄色味を帯びる．分解は光で促進される．純粋なものはエーテルのような芳香をもつが，市販品の純度のものは悪臭をもつ．175 ℃ 以上で重合しての黒色塊となる．水には難溶．エタノール，ベンゼン，エーテル，クロロホルム，四塩化炭素などとは任意の割合でまじる．硫黄，黄リン，ヨウ素，樹脂，ゴムなどを溶かす．アルコール性水酸化アルカリとはキサントゲン酸塩をつくる．

  CS2 ＋ C2H5OK → C2H5OCS2K

  アミンとはチオカルボン酸をつくる．

  CS2 ＋ (C2H5)2NH ＋ NaOH → (C2H5)2NCS2Na

  金属硫化物とはチオ炭酸塩をつくる．

  CS2 ＋ CaS → CaCS3

  これらの例のように，CS2はOR－，HS－，R2NHとアルカリ溶液で反応してそれぞれROS2－，CS32－，R2NCS2－をつくる．レーヨン人絹，四塩化炭素，キサントゲン酸塩などの製造用に用いられるほか，溶剤(P，S，Se，I2，油脂，樹脂，ゴムなど)，浮遊選鉱用液の製造，農薬や殺虫剤の製造などにも用いられる．有毒．

• 解説

  炭素と硫黄(いおう)の化合物。水分や揮発分を除いた木炭と硫黄を850～950℃で反応させる。純粋なものは無色、屈折率の高い液体で、一種の香気をもつが、普通、不純物のため黄色に着色し不快臭をもつ。揮発性、きわめて引火しやすく、点火すれば青色の炎をあげて二酸化炭素と二酸化硫黄などになる。放置すると分解しやすく、光があると促進され、不快臭のある黄色液体になる。きわめて引火しやすく青い炎をあげて燃える。水には溶けにくい。0.174mL/100mL（20℃）。アルコール、エーテル、ベンゼンなどとはよく混ざる。二硫化炭素は直線形の分子S-C-Sである。蒸気を塩素ガスと熱すると四塩化炭素（テトラクロロメタン）が得られる。水と150℃以上に熱すると二酸化炭素と硫化水素に分解する。アルコール中で水酸化アルカリと反応してキサントゲン酸塩をつくる。　　CS2＋C2H5OK→C2H5OCSSK　また、硫化アルカリM12Sとはチオ炭酸塩M12CS3をつくる。硫黄、白リン、ヨウ素、樟脳(しょうのう)、樹脂、ゴム、油脂などのよい溶媒である。ビスコースレーヨン、四塩化炭素、ゴム加硫促進剤、農薬、浮遊選鉱剤（キサントゲン酸塩）の製造に用いるほか、溶剤として用いられる。有毒で中毒症状をおこすことがある。蒸気は空気と混合すると爆発しやすい。［守永健一・中原勝儼］[参照項目] | 加硫 | テトラクロロメタン | 二硫化炭素ガス中毒 | 溶媒[補完資料] | 二硫化炭素（データノート）
  小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）

• 用途

  ビスコースレーヨン?セロハン溶剤、殺虫剤?医薬原料、ゴム加硫促進剤、浮遊選鉱剤(ザンセート)、重金属捕捉剤、溶剤(ビスコース繊維、セロハン)、ゴム加硫促進剤、農薬?医薬品の合成原料

• 用途

  作業環境測定での測定対象物質の脱着溶媒。

• 用途

  赤外線吸収測定用溶媒、試薬としての溶剤。有機合成(和光試薬時報Vol.64 No.2,p.26(1996))。

• 用途

  有機合成原料、ビスコース人絹の原料。

• 製法

  二硫化炭素は、工業的には木炭と硫黄の蒸気を加熱することで得られます (C+2S→CS₂)。この時、低温で反応させると一硫化炭素が生成してしまいます。また、触媒の存在下で天然ガス (メタン) と硫黄蒸気を反応させることによっても得ることができます (2CH₄+S₈→2CS₂+4H₂S)。

• 説明

  For many years, carbon disulfide was manufactured by the reaction of charcoal with sulfur vapor at temperatures of 750– 1000
  C, but by the mid-twentieth century, especially in the United States, the process was superseded by the reaction of natural gas (principally methane) with sulfur.

• 化学的特性

  Carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; CS2; CASRN 75-15-0), in its pure form is a colorless liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature, with a sweet aromatic odor similar to that of chloroform. In its impure commercial and reagent form, however, carbon disulfide is a yellowish liquid with a foulsmelling odor. It can be detected by odor at about 1 ppm but the sense of smell fatigues rapidly and, therefore, odor does not serve as a good warning property. It has a vapor pressure of 297mmHg and solubility in water by weight of 0.3% at 20 °C (68 °F). Once carbon disulfide is in the air it will break down into simpler substances within a few days after release (OEHHA, 2001).
  

• 物理的性質

  Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid; ethereal odor when pure. Technical grades have strong, foul, rotten, radish-like odor. Leonardos et al. (1969) reported an odor threshold in air of 210 ppb_v.

• 使用

  Carbon disulfide is used as a raw material in the production of such things as rayon, cellophane, semiconductors, and carbon tetrachloride, and to make some pesticides. It is used as an industrial solvent and chemical intermediate to dissolve rubber to produce tires (ATSDR, 1996), as well as in grain fumigation, analytical chemistry research, degreasing, dry cleaning, and oil extraction (Finkel et al., 1983). Natural sources of carbon disulfide include the open ocean, coastal areas of high biological activity, microbial reduction of sulfates in soil, marshlands, and some higher plants where the source of carbon disulfide is the tree roots (Carroll, 1985; Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984).
  Previously, carbon disulfide was used as a pesticide, where it was typically mixed with carbon tetrachloride in a 20/80 mixture, respectively. This mixture was used to exterminate insects and rodents from entire boxcars of wheat, corn, rye, and other grains (Peters et al., 1988). Grain fumigators can be acutely intoxicated and may be chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Therefore, in the late 1980s, all pesticides containing carbon disulfide as an active ingredient were cancelled by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (U.S. EPA, 1999).

• 製造方法

  Carbon disulfide is manufactured by heating sulfur vapor with charcoal, and condensing vapors of the compound formed. Alternatively, it may be obtained by heating sulfur with natural gas or petroleum fractions. Instead of sulfur, H2S may be used. The reaction occurs at very high temperatures. The product obtained in these reactions may contain sulfur impurities. Carbon disulfide is purified by distillation.

• 一般的な説明

  Pure carbon disulphide is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour similar to that of chloroform, while the impure carbon disulphide is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odour, like that of rotting radishes. Exposure to carbon disulphide occurs in industrial workplaces. Industries associated with coal gasification plants release more of carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, and hydrogen sulphide. Carbon disulphide is used in large quantities as an industrial chemical for the production of viscose rayon fibres. In fact, the major source of environmental pollution both indoor and outdoor by carbon disulphide is caused by emission released into the air from viscose plants.

• 空気と水の反応

  Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

• 反応プロフィール

  Carbon disulphide has an extremely low autoignition temperature (125°C). May ignite or even explode when heated. The vapor or liquid has been known to ignite on contact with steam pipes, particularly if rusted [Anon., J. Roy. Inst. Chem., 1956, 80, p.664]. Explosion hazard when exposed to flame, heat, sparks or friction. Mixtures with lithium, sodium, potassium or dinitrogen tetraoxide may detonate when shocked. Potentially explosive reaction with nitrogen oxide, chlorine, permanganic acid(strong oxidizing agents). Vapor ignites in contact with aluminum powder or fluorine. Reacts violently with azides, ethylamine ethylenediamine, ethylene imine. Emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur when heated to decomposition [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 663]. Sodium amide forms toxic and flammable H2S gas with CS2. (714)

• 危険性

  A poison. Toxic by skin absorption. Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk, can be ignited by friction. Explosive limits in air 1–50%. Questionable carcinogen. Peripheral ner- vous system impairment.

• 火災危険

  Ignition temperature dangerously low: 212F. Vapors may be ignited by contact with ordinary light bulb, when heated to decomposition, Carbon disulphide emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides and can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Avoid air, rust, halogens, metal azides, metals, oxidants; when exposed to heat or flame reacts violently with aluminum, chlorine, azides, hypochlorite, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, fluorine, metallic azides of lithium, potassium, cesium, rubidium and sodium, nitrogen oxides, potassium, zinc and (sulfuric acid plus permanganate). Decomposes on standing for a long time.

• 燃焼性と爆発性

  Carbon disulfide is extremely flammable and is a dangerous fire hazard (NFPA rating = 3). It is has a high vapor pressure and extremely low autoignition temperature. Its vapor is heavier than air and can travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. The vapor forms explosive mixtures in air at concentrations of 1.3 to 50%. Carbon disulfide can be ignited by hot surfaces such as steam baths that would ordinarily not constitute an ignition source for other flammable vapors. Rust (iron oxide) may increase the likelihood of ignition by hot surfaces. Carbon disulfide fires should be extinguished with CO2 or dry chemical extinguishers.

• 使用用途

  二硫化炭素は、主な工業用用途としては、セロハンやの製造工程において、溶剤として利用されています。ゴムの加硫促進剤、有機化学原料や浮遊選鉱剤などとしても用いられています。また、殺虫剤としても用いられており、穀物や果実に対する殺虫剤として、もしくは、土壌の病害性昆虫や線虫の殲滅を目的として使われることがあります。

  二硫化炭素は溶媒としても活用されており、リン、硫黄、セレン、臭素、ヨウ素、脂肪、樹脂、ゴム、アスファルトを溶かし、単層カーボンナノチューブの精製にも用いられます。種々の有機化合物を良く溶解することと、水素が存在せずプロトンNMRに検出されないことから、重クロロホルムに溶けにくいサンプルのNMR測定を行う際の溶媒として重宝されています。

• 法規情報

  二硫化炭素は、化審法で「優先評価物質」、労働安全衛生法で「第1種有機溶剤等」、「危険物・引火性の物」、「名称などを表示・通知すべき危険物及び有害物」などに指定されています。また、毒物及び劇物取締法で「劇物」、消防法では「危険物第4類引火性液体、特殊引火物」、化学物質排出把握管理促進法 (PRTR法) では「第1種指定化学物質」に該当し、多くの法規制で指定があるため、取り扱いには注意が必要です。

• 取扱いおよび保管上の注意

  取扱い及び保管上の注意は、下記の通りです。

  • 容器を密栓し、乾燥した冷暗所に保管する。
  • 発火や爆発のおそれがあるため、熱、火花、裸火、高温のもののような着火源から遠ざける。
  • 屋外や換気の良い区域のみで使用する。
  • 爆発的に分解する可能性があるため、衝撃や摩擦、振動を与えることは避ける。
  • 強酸化剤や食品、飼料との接触は避ける。
  • 使用時は保護手袋、保護衣、保護眼鏡、保護面を着用する。
  • 取扱い後はよく手を洗浄する。
  • 皮膚に付着した場合は、速やかに水で洗い流す。
  • 眼に入った場合は、水で数分間注意深く洗う。

• 職業ばく露

  Carbon disulfide is used in the manufacture of viscose rayon; ammonium salts; carbon tetrachloride; carbanilide, xantho genates; flotation agents; soil disinfectants; dyes; electronic vacuum tubes; optical glass; paints, enamels, paint removers; varnishes; varnish removers; tallow, textiles, explosives; rocket fuel; putty; preservatives, and rubber cement; as a solvent for phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine; alkali cellulose; fats, waxes, lacquers, camphor, resins, and cold vulcanized rubber. It is also used in degreasing; chemical analysis; electroplating; grain fumigation; oil extraction; and drycleaning. It is widely used as a pesticide intermediate.

• 環境運命予測

  Chemical/Physical. Carbon disulfide hydrolyzes in alkaline solutions to carbon dioxide and hydrogen disulfide (Peyton et al., 1976).
  In an aqueous alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide, dithiopercarbonate, sulfide, elemental sulfur and polysulfides may be expected to form (Elliott, 1990). In an aqueous alkaline solution (pH ≥8), carbon disulfide reacted with hydrogen peroxide forming sulfate and carbonate ions. However, when the pH is lowered to 7–7.4, colloidal sulfur is formed (Adewuyi and Carmichael, 1987).
  An aqueous solution containing carbon disulfide reacts with sodium hypochlorite forming carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid and sodium chloride (Patnaik, 1992). Forms a hemihydrate which decomposes at –3°C (Keith and Walters, 1992).Agricultural fumigant Burns with a blue flame releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (Windholz et al., 1983). Emits very toxic sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990). Carbon disulfide oxidizes in the troposphere producing carbonyl sulfide. The atmospheric half-lives for carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide were estimated to be approximately 2 years and 13 days, respectively (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984).

• 貯蔵

  carbon disulfide should be used only in areas free of ignition sources (including hot plates, incandescent light bulbs, and steam baths), and this substance should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.

• 輸送方法

  UN1131 Carbon disulfide, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials.

• 純化方法

  Shake it for 3hours with three portions of KMnO4 solution (5g/L), twice for 6hours with mercury (to remove sulfide impurities) until no further darkening of the interface occurs, and finally with a solution of HgSO4 (2.5g/L) or cold, saturated HgCl2. Dry it with CaCl2, MgSO4, or CaH2 (with further drying by refluxing over P2O5), followed by fractional distillation in diffuse light. Alkali metals cannot be used as drying agents. It has also been purified by standing with bromine (0.5mL/L) for 3-4hours, shaking rapidly with KOH solution, then copper turnings (to remove unreacted bromine), and drying with CaCl2. CS2 is highly TOXIC and highly FLAMMABLE. Work in a good fumehood. Small quantities of CS2 have been purified (including removal of hydrocarbons) by mechanical agitation of a 45-50g sample with a solution of 130g of sodium sulfide in 150mL of H2O for 24hours at 35-40o. The aqueous sodium thiocarbonate solution is separated from unreacted CS2, then precipitated with 140g of copper sulfate in 350g of water, with cooling. After filtering off the copper thiocarbonate, it is decomposed by passing steam into it. The distillate is separated from H2O and distilled from P2O5. [Ruff & Golla Z Anorg Chem 138 17 1924, Beilstein 3 IV 395.]

• 不和合性

  Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Also incompatible with chemically active metals (such as sodium, potassium, zinc), azides, organic amines, halogens. May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion. May explode on heating. The substance may spontaneously ignite on contact with air and on contact with hot surfaces, producing toxic fumes of sulfur dioxide. Reacts violently with oxidants to produce oxides of sulfur and carbon monoxide, and causing fire and explosion hazard. Attacks some forms of plastic, rubber, and coating.

• 廃棄物の処理

  This compound is a very flammable liquid which evaporates rapidly. It burns with a Blue flame to carbon dioxide (harmless) and sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide has a strong suffocating odor; 1000 ppm in air is lethal to rats. The pure liquid presents an acute fire and explosion hazard. The following disposal procedure is suggested: All equipment or contact surfaces should be grounded to avoid ignition by static charges. Absorb on vermiculite, sand, or ashes and cover with water. Transfer underwater in buckets to an open area. Ignite from a distance with an excelsior trail. If quantity is large, Carbon disulfide may be recovered by distillation and repackaged for use.

• 予防処置

  During handling of carbon disulfi de, occupational workers require proper clothing, eye protection, and respiratory protection. Workers should use the chemical under trained management. On contact with the eyes, immediately fl ush with large amounts of water. On skin contact, the worker should quickly remove contaminated clothing and immediately call for medical attention

二硫化炭素 上流と下流の製品情報

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75-15-0, 二硫化炭素 キーワード