ナイトロジェンマスタード

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H314：重篤な皮膚の薬傷?眼の損傷

  H340：遺伝性疾患のおそれ

  H350：発がんのおそれ

• 注意書き

  P202：全ての安全注意を読み理解するまで取り扱わないこ と。

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

MSDS Information

• 2-Chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methylethanamine hydrochloride

ナイトロジェンマスタード 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  ナイトロジェンマスタード,流動性のある揮発性液体．融点－60 ℃．密度1.118 g cm－3．水に難溶，ジメチルホルムアミド，四塩化炭素に可溶．毒性が強く，皮膚に水泡をつくり壊死を起こす炎症剤で，第二次世界大戦で毒ガスとして使用された．塩酸塩は水溶性葉状晶．融点109～111 ℃．発がん性のアルキル化剤で，おもにグアニンのN-7位に結合して，DNAの二本鎖に橋かけしてDNA合成を阻害するとみられている．この欠点を補ったN-オキシドは，抗悪性腫瘍剤として使われている．
  

  森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
  

• 製造

  ビス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)メチルアミンを塩化チオニルでクロル化すると得られるナイトロジェンマスタード．

• 効能

  抗悪性腫瘍薬, アルキル化剤

• 説明

  Nitrogen mustard (HN) was developed in three formulations: HN-1, HN-2, and HN-3. HN-1 was the first to be produced in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Originally, it was developed as a pharmaceutical and used to remove warts before it became a military agent. Agent H-2 was developed as a military agent and became a pharmaceutical. HN-3 was designed as a military mustard agent and is the only one that remains in military use. Therefore, this section will only cover the characteristics of HN-3 mustard agent. HN-3 is colorless to pale yellow with a butter-almond odor. The chemical formula for nitrogen mustard agent HN-3 is N(CH2CH2Cl)3. It will otherwise be ineffective against stopping the damage to the body.

• 化学的特性

  White Solid

• 使用

  Mechlorethamine hydrochloride USP (Mustargen)is used to treat Hodgkin’s disease; non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas; lymphosarcoma; cancer of breast, ovary, lung; neoplastic effusion.

• 定義

  ChEBI: The hydrochloride salt of mechlorethamine.

• 適応症

  Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) is a cytotoxic alkylating agent. Topical application of freshly prepared aqueous solutions are used in patients with early stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A major disadvantage to the use of this drug is the rapid induction of allergic contact dermatitis in some patients.

• 生物学の機能

  Mechlorethamine is still used in regimens for cancers of the blood (e.g., Hodgkin's disease, chronic myelocytic, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia); fortunately, however, safer and still highly potent antineoplastic agents are now available.

• 一般的な説明

  White to off-white crystals or powder with a fishy odor. Initial pH (2% aqueous solution) 3.0-4.0.

• 空気と水の反応

  Hygroscopic. Water soluble.

• 反応プロフィール

  Dry crystals are stable at temperatures up to 104° F. Chlormethine hydrochloride is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. .

• 危険性

  Highly toxic, vesicant, and strongly irritant to mucous membranes.

• 火災危険

  Flash point data for Chlormethine hydrochloride are not available. Chlormethine hydrochloride is probably combustible.

• 作用機序

  Mechlorethamine in aqueous solution loses a chloride atom and forms a cyclic ethylenimmonium ion.This carbonium ion interacts with nucleophilic groups, such as the N7 and O6 of guanine, and leads to an interstrand cross-linking of DNA. Although there is great variation among normal and tumor tissues in their sensitivity to mechlorethamine, the drug is generally more toxic to proliferating cells than to resting or plateau cells. Mechlorethamine has a chemical and biological half-life in plasma of less than 10 minutes after intravenous injection. Little or no intact drug is excreted in urine.
  The major indication for mechlorethamine is Hodgkin’s disease; the drug is given in the MOPP regimen. Other less reactive nitrogen mustards are now preferred for the treatment of non- Hodgkin’s lymphomas, leukemias, and various solid tumors.

• 臨床応用

  Mechlorethamine is the only aliphatic nitrogen mustard currently on the U.S. market. Its use is limited by extremely high reactivity, which leads to rapid and nonspecific alkylation of cellular nucleophiles and excessive toxicity. It is a severe vesicant, and if accidental skin contact occurs, the drug must be inactivated with 2% sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution.

• 副作用

  The dose-limiting toxicity of mechlorethamine is myelosuppression; maximal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occur 10 to 14 days after drug administration, and recovery is generally complete at 21 to 28 days. Lymphopenia and immunosuppression may lead to activation of latent herpes zoster infections, especially in patients with lymphomas. Mechlorethamine will affect rapidly proliferating normal tissues and cause alopecia, diarrhea, and oral ulcerations. Nausea and vomiting may occur 1 to 2 hours after injection and can last up to 24 hours. Since mechlorethamine is a potent blistering agent, care should be taken to avoid extravasation into subcutaneous tissues or even spillage onto the skin. Reproductive toxicity includes amenorrhea and inhibition of oogenesis and spermatogenesis. About half of premenopausal women and almost all men treated for 6 months with MOPP chemotherapy become permanently infertile. The drug is teratogenic and carcinogenic in experimental animals.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Confirmed carcinogen withexperimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, andtumorigenic data. Deadly poison by ingestion,intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and parenteralroutes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.Human systemic eff

• 発がん性

  Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. In the literature, the names “nitrogen mustard” and “nitrogen mustard hydrochloride” are used interchangeably. Only nitrogen mustard hydrochloride is produced commercially, so it is assumed that nitrogen mustard hydrochloride was used in all cancer studies in animals reported below.

• 輸送方法

  UN2928 Toxic solids, corrosive, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

• 廃棄物の処理

  It is not appropriate to dispose of expired or waste product such as lab chemicals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the lab chemicals to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste lab chemicals shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.

ナイトロジェンマスタード 上流と下流の製品情報

ナイトロジェンマスタード 生産企業

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ナイトロジェンマスタード スペクトルデータ(¹³CNMR、IR1、IR2、MS、Raman)

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