リコリン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H301：飲み込むと有毒

• 注意書き

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P270：この製品を使用する時に、飲食または喫煙をしないこ と。

  P301+P310：飲み込んだ場合：直ちに医師に連絡すること。

  P321：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P330：口をすすぐこと。

  P405：施錠して保管すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

リコリン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  リコリンはいヒガンバナの主アルカロイド．各種ヒガンバナ科植物中に広く分布する．"分解点276 ℃．[α]_D "－120°(エタノール)．

  

  エタノール，石油エーテル，クロロホルムに可溶．アメーバ赤痢に有効であるといわれており，細胞分裂に対してはコルヒチン様の細胞分裂促進作用をもつ．毒性がやや強い．LD50 41 mg/kg(イヌ，静注)．[CAS 476-28-8]
  森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

• 使用する

  アメーバ赤痢に有効であるといわれており，細胞分裂に対してはコルヒチン様の細胞分裂促進作用をもつ．

• 効能

  再結 エタノール

• 説明

  Lycoris radiate, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the bulb of the amaryllidaceous Lycoris radiata herb. It has been applied for clinical purposes for centuries. It is firstly recorded in Tujing Bencao and mainly used for the pyogenic infections. According to A Supplement to Compendium of Materia Medica, lycoris radiate may be used for treating acute throat trouble, phlegm node, baihuodan, and pulmonary abscess.
  There are about 20 Lycoris species in the world, which are widely distributed in China and Japan. Lycoris radiate is an amazing horticultural plant with a graceful shape and a bright color. In TCM, it is acrid in taste and neutral in nature, with functions of detoxication, easy expectoration, and diuresis and emesis promotion. According to the modern medicine, lycoris radiate is considered to be in favor of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.
  The main active ingredients extracted from the lycoris herbs are about 40 alkaloids with various contents. Pharmacological tests indicate that galanthamine, lycorine, lycoramine, lycorenine, and crinine are the major effective medicinal ingredients. Lycorine may be used to treat amebic dysentery and against cancer. Moreover, galanthamine, dihydrogalanthamine, and lycoramine may be used to treat infantile paralysis and restore nerve functions and against traumatic paraplegia, etc. Lycoris radiate is famous because galanthamine has been approved by FDA as an anti-Alzheimer disease drug. Lycoris radiate is the only natural source for galanthamine with extremely low content (<0.02%).

• 物理的性質

  Appearance: colorless prismatic crystal. Solubility: insoluble in water; sparingly soluble in ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether. Melting point: 275–280?°C (decomposition). Specific optical rotation: right-handed optical rotation with a specific optical rotation of ?129° (98% ethyl alcohol).

• 来歴

  In 1895, Morishima successfully extracted lycorine from the bulb of Lycoris radiata. However, its structure was unidentified until in 1935. In 1959, its stereochemical structure was dissected by monocrystal.
  The solvent extraction method, chromatographic separation, and resin absorption are commonly used for lycorine extraction. However, lycorine obtained from these techniques is not pure enough and often mixed with other alkaloids. The great differences in the efficacies of different alkaloids prevent such blending from being directly used. Furthermore, the separation and purification process so required has an adverse effect on and limits the development and utilization of the medicinal value of lycorine.

• 使用

  Lycorine is an analgesic, more so than aspirin, and a hypotensive, as are caranine and galanthine . The analgesic activity exhibited by the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids is attributed to their resemblance to the morphine and codeine skeletons. Lycorine also has antiarrhythmic action, and lycorine hydrochloride is a strong broncholytic. In fact, lycorine shows a relaxant effect on an isolated epinephrine-precontracted pulmonary artery and increases contractility and the rate of an isolated perfused heart. These effects are mediated by stimulation of b-adrenergic receptors.
  Lycorine also has a strong inhibitory effect on parasite (Encephalitozoon intestinalis) development and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Additionally, lycorine has antifeedant, antimalarial, emetic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet , as well as antifertility activities. Galanthine, in turn, shows mild in vitro activity against Tripanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum.

• 定義

  ChEBI: An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activit .

• 適応症

  Injection: 25?mg/ml, for resistance to amebic protozoa and treatment of intraintestinal/extraintestinal amebiasis. Subcutaneous injection: 25–50? mg/injection and 50?mg/day.

• 臨床応用

  Dihydrolycorine, generated through the hydrogenation of lycorine, has been used clinically due to its better resistance against amebic dysentery and lower toxicity. The amine salt made of lycorine has an antitumor effect in animals.
  Lycorine exposure may cause skin irritation (red and swollen) and itching. Nosebleed may be induced in case of inhalation. In case of overdose, it may cause salivation, emesis, diarrhea, bradycardia, cold hands/feet, or even death due to respiratory center paralysis. The major studies of clinical application are focused on (1) antitumor effect, (2) effect on the central nervous system, (3) effect on the cardiovascular system, (4) anti-inflammatory effect, (5) effect on smooth muscle, and (6) emetic effect.

• 純化方法

  It crystallises as orange crystals from MeOH (m 281-283o), CHCl3/EtOH (m 272-274o), pyridine or from EtOH (m 277o, dec). It has been distilled under high vacuum. The hydrochloride has m 288o (from MeOH/HCl), and the picrate has m 196-197o(from EtOH), [Cook et al. J Chem Soc 4176 1954, Martin & Tu J Org Chem 46 3763 1981, Beilstein 27 II 547, 27 III/IV 6463.]

• 参考文献

  Y. Nakagawa, S. Uyeo, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 3736. DOI: 10.1039/JR9590003736.

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476-28-8, リコリン キーワード