フェノール

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H314：重篤な皮膚の薬傷?眼の損傷

  H341：遺伝性疾患のおそれの疑い

  H373：長期にわたる、または反復暴露により臓器の障 害のおそれ

  H411：長期的影響により水生生物に毒性

• 注意書き

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P273：環境への放出を避けること。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

フェノール 価格

フェノール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  白色〜わずかにうすい赤色, 塊

• 定義

  本品は、次の化学式で表される芳香族化合物である。

• 溶解性

  水及びエタノールにやや溶けやすい。エタノール及びジエチルエーテルに極めて溶けやすく、水にやや溶けやすい。

• 解説

  1個またはそれ以上の水酸基がベンゼン環に直接ついたフェノール誘導体の総称．その水酸基の数に応じて一価フェノール，二価フェノール，三価フェノールとよび，二価以上を一括して多価フェノール(またはポリフェノール)という．一価フェノールは一般に特有の臭いをもつ．ふつうのフェノール(ヒドロキシベンゼン)のほか，クレゾール，チモール，カルバクロールなどがあり，そのほか，ベンゼン核2個をもつ二価のビスフェノールA，ナフタレン核をもつナフトール(一価)，ビナフトール(二価)などがある．

• 用途

  汎用試薬、試液調製原料、有機合成原料。

• 用途

  たん白質分解時のアミノ酸保護剤。

• 用途

  上水中等のフェノール類の試験用フェノール標準液調製用。

• 用途

  フェノールは、ベンゼンから合成されるヒドロキシル基を持つ芳香族化合物で、フェノール樹脂の原料として、またエポキシ樹脂の原料であるビスフェノールAの合成に使用される他、各種化学薬品の原料として使用される。
  フェノール樹脂の原料として、また、エポキシ樹脂の原料であるビスフェノールAの合成として使用される他、染料 界面活性剤 殺菌剤，農薬、医薬、その中間体等々、幅広い化学薬品の原料として使用される。

• 用途

  汎用試薬、試液調製原料、有機合成原料、消毒薬。

• 用途

  消毒剤、歯科用(局部麻酔剤)、ピクリン酸?サルチル酸?フェナセチン?染料中間物の製造、合成樹脂及び可塑剤、合成香料、ビスフェノールA,アニリン、2,6-キシレノール、農薬、安定剤、界面活性剤の原料、化粧品原料(変性剤、消臭剤、防腐剤)

• 用途

  汎用試薬、調製液原料。

• 用途

  薄層クロマトグラフィー、ペーパークロマトグラフィーの展開溶媒。

• 用途

  消毒剤、歯科用麻酔剤、染料中間物原料

• 用途

  DNA, RNAの抽出精製用。

• 化粧品の成分用途

  変性剤、剥離剤、防腐剤、抗菌剤、口腔衛生剤、殺菌剤、外用鎮痛剤、香料、消臭剤

• 効能

  鎮痛薬, 口腔麻酔薬, 鎮痒薬, 殺菌消毒薬, 痔疾用薬 (皮膚硬化薬), 保存剤

• 特徴

  フェノールは、ベンゼンから合成されるヒドロキシル基を持つ芳香族化合物で、室温では固体で、特有の薬品臭がある。

• 特長

  和光特級品(167-01022, 161-01025)は溶融後固まった塊であるが、本品は小塊で、取り扱い、取出し、秤量に便利である。

• 主な用途／役割

  溶剤型接着剤に使用される。

• 商品名

  カルボール (アグサジャパン); グリヘノブルー (本草製薬); パオスクレー (鳥居薬品); フェノール (司生堂製薬); フェノール (大成薬品工業); フェノール (小堺製薬); フェノール (日興製薬); フェノール (日興製薬); フェノール (東海製薬); フェノール (東豊薬品); 消毒用フェノール (司生堂製薬); 液状フェノール (健栄製薬); 液状フェノール (司生堂製薬); 液状フェノール (大成薬品工業); 液状フェノール (山善製薬); 液状フェノール (日医工); 液状フェノール (日興製薬); 液状フェノール (日興製薬); 液状フェノール (東海製薬); 液状フェノール (東豊薬品); 液状フェノール (東豊薬品)

• 使用上の注意

  不活性ガス封入

• 説明

  Phenol is a stable chemical substance and appear as colourless/white crystals with a characteristic, distinct aromatic/acrid odour. It is reactive and incompatible with strong oxidising agents, strong bases, strong acids, alkalis, and calcium hypochlorite. Phenol is flammable and may discolour in light. Phenol is used in the manufacture or production of explosives, fertiliser, coke, illuminating gas, lampblack, paints, paint removers, rubber, perfumes, asbestos goods, wood preservatives, synthetic resins, textiles, drugs, and pharmaceutical preparations. It is also extensively used as a disinfectant in the petroleum, leather, paper, soap, toy, tanning, dye, and agricultural industries.

• 化学的特性

  Phenol, C6H5OH, also known as carbolic acid and phenylic acid, is a white poisonous crystalline solid that melts at 43 °C (110 OF) and boils at 182°C (360 OF). Phenol has a sharp burning taste,a distinctive odor, and it irritates tissue. It is toxic not only by ingestion or inhalation, but also by skin absorption. Phenol is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether. It is used in the production of resins,germicides,weedkillers,pharmaceuticals, and as a solvent in the refining of lubricating oils.

• 物理的性質

  Phenol is a colorless or white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water. Phenol is the simplest of the large group of organic chemicals known as phenols, which consist of compounds where a carbon in the phenyl aromatic group (C6H5) is directly bonded to hydroxyl, OH.

• 天然物の起源

  It is reported found in over 150 natural products including apricot, sour cherry, black currant, bilberry, cranberry, other berries, grapes, guava fruit, peach, pineapple, asparagus, onion, cooked potato, tomato, cinnamon bark, cassia leaf, ginger, pennyroyal oil, many cheeses, butter, milk, milk powder, boiled egg, fish and fish oil, cooked and cured meats, beer, wheaten bread, crisp bread, cognac, rose wine, cocoa, coffee, tea, whiskies, roasted filbert, roasted peanut, soybean, pecans, honey, avocado, Arctic bramble, passion fruit, beans, mushrooms, burley tobacco, cooked beef and chicken, fermented soy sauce, trassi, roasted almonds, sesame seed, fenugreek, mango, tamarind, Brazil nut, rice, rhubarb, licorice, buckwheat, watercress, malt, wort, dried bonito, loquat, myrtle berry, rosemary, Tahiti and Bourbon vanilla, endive, shrimp, crab, crayfish, clam, squid, truffle and Chinese quince.

• 来歴

  Phenol’s first prominent use was by Joseph Lister (1827–1912) as an antiseptic. Throughout human history,infection often resulted in death,even when the wound could be surgically treated.A broken bone piercing the skin, which today is a painful but not life-threatening injury,historically resulted in infection and possible amputation or death. Lister was inspired by Louis Pasteur’s (1822–1895) germ theory of disease,and he began to use antiseptic methods during routine surgery during the 1860s.

• 使用

  phenol is frequently used for medical chemical face peels. It may trap free radicals and can act as a preservative. Phenol, however, is an extremely caustic chemical with a toxicity potential. It is considered undesirable for use in cosmetics. even at low concentrations, it frequently causes skin irritation, swelling, and rashes.

• 定義

  ChEBI: An organic hydroxy compound that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of phenols.

• 製造方法

  Phenol is formed in dry distillation of wood, peat and coal; coal tar is one of the commercial sources of phenol and its homologues.

• 調製方法

  Historically, phenol was produced by the distillation of coal tar. Today, phenol is prepared by one of several synthetic methods, such as the fusion of sodium benzenesulfonate with sodium hydroxide followed by acidification; the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene by dilute sodium hydroxide at high temperature and pressure to give sodium phenate, which on acidification liberates phenol (Dow process); or the catalytic vapor-phase reaction of steam and chlorobenzene at 500°C (Raschig process).

• 適応症

  Phenol in dilute solution (0.5% to 2%) decreases itch by anesthetizing the cutaneous nerve endings. Phenol should never be used on pregnant women or infants younger than 6 months of age.

• 世界保健機関（WHO）

  Phenol became widely used as an antiseptic following demonstration of its germicidal activity in 1867. It is an intensely corrosive substance and percutaneous absorption can produce serious systemic toxicity. It has been withdrawn from pharmaceutical preparations by at least one national regulatory authority. However, it is still used widely in concentrations of the order of 1.4% in proprietary preparations for the relief of soreness of the mouth and throat.

• 一般的な説明

  A solid melting at 110°F. Colorless if pure, otherwise pink or red. Flash point 175°F. Density 9.9 lb / gal. Vapors are heavier than air Corrosive to the skin (turning skin white) but because of its anesthetic quality numbs rather than burn. Lethal amounts can be absorbed through the skin. Used to make plastics and adhesives.

• 空気と水の反応

  Decomposes slowly in air. Mixtures of 9-10% phenol in air are explosive. Soluble in water

• 反応プロフィール

  PHENOL is a weak acid. Reacts exothermically with bases. Reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes when heated to decomposition. Undergoes, in the presence of aluminum chloride, potentially explosive reactions with nitromethane, butadiene, formaldehyde, peroxodisulfuric acid, peroxosulfuric acid, and sodium nitrite . Reacts violently with sodium nitrate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 770]. May corrode lead, aluminum and its alloys, certain plastics, and rubber. Phenol may explode in contact with peroxodisulfuric acid (Dns, J. Ber., 1910, 43, 1880; Z. Anorg. Chem., 1911, 73, 1911.) or peroxomonosulfuric acid. (Sidgwick, 1950, 939)

• 健康ハザード

  Phenol and its vapors are corrosive to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. The corrosive effect on skin and mucous membranes is due to a protein-degenerating effect. Repeated or prolonged skin contact with phenol may cause dermatitis, and potentially second and third-degree burns. Inhalation of phenol vapor may cause lung edema. Phenol may adversely effect the central nervous system and heart. Long-term, or repeated exposure, to phenol may have harmful effects on the liver and kidneys.
  While there is no evidence that phenol causes cancer in humans it is readily absorbed through the skin; systemic poisoning can occur in addition to the local caustic burns. Resorptive poisoning by a large quantity of phenol can occur even with only a small area of skin, rapidly leading to paralysis of the central nervous system and a severe drop in body temperature. Phenol is also a reproductive toxin causing increased risk of abortion and low birth weight indicating retarded development in utero.
  Chemical burns from skin exposures can be decontaminated by washing with polyethylene glycol or isopropyl alcohol; flushing with copious amounts of water will help to remediate the burn. Removal of contaminated clothing is required, as well as immediate hospital treatment for large splashes.
  https://ehs.ucsc.edu/lab-safety-manual/specialty-chemicals/phenol.html

• 火災危険

  Flammable vapors when heated. Runoff from fire control water may give off poisonous gases and cause pollution. Mixtures of 9-10% phenol in air are explosive. Avoid aluminum chloride/nitrobenzene mixture, peroxodisulfuric acid, peroxomonosulfuric acid and strong oxidizing agents. Decomposes slowly on air contact. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents.

• 燃焼性と爆発性

  Phenol is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2). When heated, phenol produces flammable vapors that are explosive at concentrations of 3 to 10% in air. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight phenol fires.

• 化学性质

  アルカロイル型芳香族化合物

• 応用例（製薬）

  Phenol is used mainly as an antimicrobial preservative in parenteral pharmaceutical products. It has also been used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics;
  Phenol is widely used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and therapeutic agent, although it should not be used to preserve preparations that are to be freeze-dried.

• 工業用途

  Phenol is the simplest member of a class oforganic compounds possessing a hydroxylgroup attached to a benzene ring or to a morecomplex aromatic ring system.
  Also known as carbolic acid or monohydroxybenzene,phenol is a colorless to whitecrystalline material of sweet odor, having thecomposition C₆H₅OH, obtained from the distillationof coal tar and as a by-product ofcoke ovens.
  Phenol has broad biocidal properties, anddilute aqueous solutions have long been usedas an antiseptic. At higher concentrations itcauses severe skin burns; it is a violent systemicpoison. It is a valuable chemical raw materialfor the production of plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals,syntans, and other products.
  Phenol is one of the most versatile industrialorganic chemicals. It is the starting point formany diverse products used in the home andindustry. A partial list includes nylon, epoxyresins, surface active agents, synthetic detergents,plasticizers, antioxidants, lube oil additives,phenolic resins (with formaldehyde, furfural,and so on), cyclohexanol, adipic acid,polyurethanes, aspirin, dyes, wood preservatives,herbicides, drugs, fungicides, gasolineadditives, inhibitors, explosives, and pesticides.

• 安全性

  Phenol is highly corrosive and toxic, the main effects being on the central nervous system. The lethal human oral dose is estimated to be 1 g for an adult.
  Phenol is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and mucous membranes, and is metabolized to phenylglucuronide and phenyl sulfate, which are excreted in the urine.
  Although there are a number of reports describing the toxic effects of phenol, these largely concern instances of accidental poisoning or adverse reactions during its use as a therapeutic agent.Adverse reactions associated with phenol used as a preservative are less likely owing to the smaller quantities that are used; however, it has been suggested that the body burden of phenol should not exceed 50 mg in a 10-hour period.This amount could be exceeded following administration of large volumes of phenolpreserved medicines.
  LD₅₀ (mouse, IV): 0.11 g/kg
  LD₅₀ (mouse, oral): 0.3 g/kg
  LD₅₀ (rabbit, skin): 0.85 g/kg
  LD₅₀ (rat, skin): 0.67 g/kg
  LD₅₀ (rat, oral): 0.32 g/kg
  LD₅₀ (rat, SC): 0.46 g/kg

• 職業ばく露

  Phenol is used as a pharmaceutical, in the production of fertilizer; coke, illuminating gas; lampblack, paints, paint removers; rubber, asbestos goods; wood preservatives; synthetic resins; textiles, drugs, pharmaceutical preparations; perfumes, bakelite, and other plastics (phenolformaldehyde resins); polymer intermediates (caprolactam, bisphenol-A and adipic acid). Phenol also finds wide use as a disinfectant and veterinary drug.

• 発がん性

  Phenol had been investigated for carcinogenicity in animals by the oral and dermal routes. IARC and IRIS determined that animal human evidence for carcinogenicity was inadequate.

• 貯蔵

  When exposed to air and light, phenol turns a red or brown color, the color being influenced by the presence of metallic impurities. Oxidizing agents also hasten the color change. Aqueous solutions of phenol are stable. Oily solutions for injection may be sterilized in hermetically sealed containers by dry heat. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed, light-resistant container at a temperature not exceeding 15°C.

• 輸送方法

  UN1671 Phenol, solid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2312 Molten phenol, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2821 Phenol solutions, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

• 不和合性

  Phenol, available in solid or liquid form, is colorless to light pink and has a sweet aromatic odor. It is stable under normal conditions of storage and use. The liquid and vapor are combustible. Phenol is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, calcium hypochlorite, halogens, halogenated compounds, aluminum chloride, and nitrobenzene. Hot phenol can attack aluminum, lead, magnesium and zinc. It can react exothermally with peroxymonosulfuric acid, sodium nitrate, 1,3-butadiene and boron trifluoride diethyl ether. When phenol is heated to decomposition (ca. 715 °C), decomposition products include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0493.html
  http://www51.honeywell.com/sm/common/documents/Public_Risk_Summary_-_GPS0075_Phenol_Dec_2012.pdf

• 廃棄物の処理

  Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration.

• 予防処置

  Acute poisoning of phenol by ingestion, inhalation or skin contact may lead to death. Phenol is readily absorbed through the skin. It is highly toxic by inhalation. It is corrosive and causes burns and severe irritation effects. During use and handling of phenol, occupational workers should be very careful. Workers should use protective clothing, rubber boots, and goggles to protect the eyes from vapors and spillage.

• 規制状況(Regulatory Status)

  Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections). Included in medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

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108-95-2, フェノール キーワード