プソイドエフェドリン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H315：皮膚刺激

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H335：呼吸器への刺激のおそれ

• 注意書き

  P261：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーの吸入を避ける こと。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P301+P312：飲み込んだ場合：気分が悪い時は医師に連絡する こと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

MSDS Information

• Pseudoephedrine

プソイドエフェドリン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  プソイドエフェドリン．漢薬マオウ(麻黄)に含まれるアルカロイドの一つ．エフェドリンの(1S,2S)-ジアステレオマーである．融点118 ℃．[α]_D＋51°(エタノール)．水に難溶，エタノール，エーテルに可溶．気管支拡張作用はエフェドリンよりも弱い．LD50 500 mg/kg．(マウス，経口)．

• 用途

  プソイドエフェドリン (pseudoephedrine, PSE) は、内服用の鼻づまり薬として広く用いられてきた医薬品である。塩酸塩または硫酸塩の形で用いられる。 日本ではフェニルプロパノールアミン（PPA）の代替としてOTCの鼻炎薬に配合されている。 プソイドエフェドリンは覚醒剤の原料となる。アメリカ国内での覚醒剤合成にはプソイドエフェドリンを原料とするものがほとんどである。 またプソイドエフェドリン自体に覚醒作用があるため、フェニレフリン内服に転換する動きが広がっている。

• 効能

  血管収縮薬, アドレナリン受容体作動薬

• 説明

  Pseudoephedrine is a stereoisomer of ephedrine, in the drug class of sympathomimetics. It occurs naturally in plants of the genus Ephedra. Pseudoephedrine is a mixed-acting decongestant, which activates α- and β-adrenergic receptors directly by binding to the receptor itself, and indirectly by causing norepinephrine release in synaptic nerve terminals.
  Pseudoephedrine is also used illicitly in the production of methamphetamine. In the United States, two recent acts of legislation – the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 and the Methamphetamine Production Prevention Act of 2008– have created stringent regulation on the sale of pseudoephedrine without a prescription. Pseudoephedrine-containing products were moved behind the counter, only to be sold by the pharmacist using their professional judgment and discretion. Limitations on the quantity of pseudoephedrine that could be purchased at one time and over a period of timewere enacted, and strict record keeping was required.

• 化学的特性

  white crystals

• 使用

  Pseudoephedrine is an orally active sympathomimetic amine that is used as a nasal decongestant. It exerts its decongestant action by acting directly on a-adrenergic receptors in the respiratory tract mucosa producing vasoconstriction resulting in shrinkage of swollen nasal mucous membranes, reduction of tissue hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion, and an increase in nasal airway patency. Drainage of sinus secretions is increased and obstructed eustachian ostia may be opened. Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by stimulation of b-adrenergic receptors may also occur.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.

• 一般的な説明

  (Sudafed, Afrinol, Drixoral) isthe (S,S) diastereoisomer of ephedrine. Whereas ephedrinehas a mixed mechanism of action, L-(+)-pseudoephedrineacts mostly by an indirect mechanism and has virtually nodirect activity. The structural basis for this difference inmechanism is the stereochemistry of the carbon atom possessingthe β-OH group. In pseudoephedrine, this carbon atompossesses the (S) configuration, the wrong stereochemistryat this center for a direct-acting effect at adrenoceptors.Although it crosses the BBB (log P=1.05, pKa=9.38),L-(+)-pseudoephedrine’s lack of direct activity affords fewerCNS effects than does ephedrine. It is a naturally occurringalkaloid from the Ephedra species. This agent is found inmany OTC nasal decongestant and cold medications.Although it is less prone to increase blood pressure thanephedrine, it should be used with caution in hypertensiveindividuals, and it should not be used in combination withMAO inhibitors.

• 接触アレルゲン

  This sympathomimetic a-adrenergic agonist is found in plants of the genus Ephedra (Ephedraceae) and is systemically used as a nasal decongestant. It can induce drug skin reactions such as acute generalized exanthematic pustulosis or generalized eczema.

• 環境運命予測

  Through use as a decongestant and production, release to the environment may result from various waste streams. Pseudoephedrine is also found in plants in the genus Ephedra (Ephedraceae) otherwise known as Ma Huang. It has a vapor pressure of 8.3×104 mm Hg at 25 °C and if released into air it will exist both as vapor and in particulate phase in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase pseudoephedrine will be degraded by reactions with hydroxyl radicals, which are photochemically produced. The half-life for this reaction is estimated at 4 h. Particulate-phase pseudoephedrine will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Pseudoephedrine is not susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.
  Based upon an estimated Koc of 73, pseudoephedrine is expected to have a high mobility in soil. The pKa of 10.25 indicates that it will exist primarily in the cation form in the environment and it will absorb more strongly to soil containing clay or organic carbon.

• 純化方法

  Crystallise the amine from dry diethyl ether, or from water and dry it in a vacuum desiccator. [Beilstein 13 IV 1878.]

プソイドエフェドリン 上流と下流の製品情報

プソイドエフェドリン スペクトルデータ(¹HNMR、IR、Raman)

90-82-4, プソイドエフェドリン キーワード