ぎ酸アンモニウム

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H319：強い眼刺激

• 注意書き

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P337+P313：眼の刺激が続く場合：医師の診断/手当てを受けること。

ぎ酸アンモニウム 価格

MSDS Information

• Ammonium formate

ぎ酸アンモニウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  無色澄明の液体

• 溶解性

  水に易溶(102g/100g水, 0℃)。エタノールにわずかに溶ける。水に極めて溶けやすく、エタノールにわずかに溶ける。

• 用途

  純粋なギ酸アンモニウムは、加熱するとホルムアミドと水に分解され、これが工業的な主な利用となる。また、ギ酸アンモニウムと希酸を反応させるとギ酸が得られ、ギ酸アンモニウムはギ酸からも作られるため、ギ酸の貯蔵形態としても使われる。
  ギ酸アンモニウムは、官能基のパラジウム炭素還元にも用いることができる。パラジウム炭素の存在下で、ギ酸アンモニウムは水素、一酸化炭素、アンモニアに分解される。生成した水素ガスはパラジウムの表面に吸収され、そこで様々な官能基と反応する。例えば、アルケンはアルカンに還元され、ホルムアルデヒドはメタノールに還元される。活性なヘテロ原子―炭素単結合を切断し、水素に置換することもできる（水素化分解）。
  ギ酸アンモニウムは、アルデヒドやケトンの還元的アミノ化にも用いることができる（ロイカート反応）。
  ギ酸アンモニウムは、高速液体クロマトグラフィーのバッファとして用いることもでき、LC/MSを行うのに適している。ギ酸アンモニウムとアンモニウムイオンの酸解離定数は、それぞれ3.8と9.2である。

• 使用上の注意

  潮解性あり

• 化学的特性

  Ammonium formate, NH4HCO2, is the ammonium salt of formic acid. It is a colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline solid. It can be synthesized through treating ammonium carbonate with 85% formic acid. It is widely used in many organic reactions such as Leuckart reaction which is the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. It can also be used as a buffer in HPLC and LC/MS test. Moreover, it is also used in palladium on carbon (Pd/C) reduction of functional group. It can also be used for the preparation of formic acid in situ as well as being used to store formic acid.
  
  Common HPLC Buffers: Ammonium formate (2.7<PH<3.7) does a fairly good job of filling the gap at the low-pH end.

• 物理的性質

  White monoclinic deliquescent crystals or granules; density 1.280 g/cm³; melts at 116°C; highly soluble in water (102 g/100 g at 0°C), solubility rapidly increasing with temperature (i.e., 531 g/100 g at 80°C); soluble in liquid ammonia, alcohol and ether.

• 使用

  Pure ammonium formate decomposes into formamide and water when heated, and this is its primary use in industry. Formic acid can also be obtained by reacting ammonium formate with a dilute acid, and since ammonium formate is also produced from formic acid, it can serve as a way of storing formic acid.
  In chemical analysis, especially to ppt base metals from salts of the "noble" metals. Ammonium formate can also be used in palladium on carbon (Pd / C) reduction of functional groups. In the presence of Pd / C, ammonium formate decomposes to hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.
  Ammonium formate can be used for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones (Leuckart reaction)
  Ammonium formate can be used as a buffer in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is suitable for use with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). .

• 定義

  ChEBI: Ammonium formate is the ammonium salt of formic acid. It has a role as a buffer. It is functionally related to a formic acid.

• 反応性

  When heated, ammonium formate eliminates water, forming formamide. Upon further heating it forms to HCN and H₂O. A side reaction of this is the decomposition of formamide to CO and NH₃.

• 空気と水の反応

  Ammonium formate is generally soluble in water. 

• 反応プロフィール

  Salts, basic, such as Ammonium formate, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

• 健康ハザード

  Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion irritates mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

• 火災危険

  Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating ammonia and formic acid gases may form in fire.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Moderately toxic by ingestion andintravenous routes. When heated to decomposition itemits toxic fumes of NOx and NH3.

• 純化方法

  Heat the solid in NH3 vapour and dry it in a vacuum till the NH3 odour is faint (note that it can evaporate completely in a vacuum). Recrystallise it from absolute EtOH and then keep it in a desiccator over 99% H2SO4 in vacuo. It is very hygroscopic. It exists in two forms, stable needles and less stable plates. It also forms acid salts, i.e. HCO2NH4.3HCO2H and HCO2NH4.HCO2H. [Kensall & Adler J Am Chem Soc 43 1473 1921, Beilstein 2 IV 18.]

• 参考文献

  [1] http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=CV2P0503
  [2] https://www.alfa.com/zh-cn/catalog/014517/
  [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_formate
  [4] GAO X, MA Y, ZHOU F, et al. Promotion Mechanism of Ammonium Formate in Ammonium Salt Leaching Process for Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores[J]. Minerals, 2023, 1 1: 0. DOI:10.3390/min13101286.
  [5] A. S. KORNILOV. Uranium Stripping with Ammonium Acetate and Formate[J]. Radiochemistry, 2024, 65 1 supplement: S172-S176. DOI:10.1134/S1066362223070159.
  [6] ISHANI BORTHAKUR, SABUJ KUNDU* Reductive Aminomethylation Using Ammonium Formate and Methanol as N1 and C1 Source: Direct Synthesis of Mono- and Di-Methylated Amines[J]. ACS Catalysis , 2024, 14 8: 5847-5857. DOI:10.1021/acscatal.4c00346.

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