臭化カリウム

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H319：強い眼刺激

• 注意書き

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P337+P313：眼の刺激が続く場合：医師の診断/手当てを受けること。

臭化カリウム 価格

MSDS Information

• Potassium bromide

臭化カリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  無色透明のブロック

• 溶解性

  水に易溶 (53.5g/100g水, 0℃)。エタノール, エーテルに難溶。水に溶けやすく、エタノールに溶けにくい。

• 解説

  臭化カリウム，無色の等軸晶系結晶で岩塩型構造．格子定数a ＝ 0.6586 nm．融点730 ℃，沸点1435 ℃．密度2.75 g cm－3．水に易溶，エタノール，エーテルに難溶．アンモニア水にはKBr･4NH3をつくって溶ける．水溶液は臭素と作用してKBr3，KBr5などの付加物を生じる．写真用臭化銀の製造，化学用試薬，医薬品(鎮静剤)，せっけん，赤外線分光器のプリズム(単結晶)および錠剤用媒質などに用いられる．

  森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
  

• 用途

  一般分析用、鍍金

• 用途

  赤外スペクトル用,抗痙攣薬や抗不安薬として用いられていた。

• 用途

  高純度金属化合物。

• 用途

  現在では臭化カリウムはイヌへの抗てんかん薬として用いられている。フェノバルビタール単独で効果が思わしくない場合にしばしば補助薬として使用されるが、第一選択薬となる例も増加しつつある。 近紫外から遠赤外領域 (0.25-25 μm) に透過性を持つため光学窓やプリズムとして利用される。吸湿性?潮解性を持つため乾燥した容器中に保存する必要がある。赤外吸収スペクトルを測定する場合には、試料を臭化カリウムの粉末と混合し、ペレット状に押し固めて測定する方法がよく用いられる。臭化カリウムは測定領域内に測定の妨げとなるピークを持たない。

• 用途

  汎用試薬、調製液製造原料。

• 用途

  調製液原料、写真用原料、医薬品原料、臭素酸カリウム原料等。

• 製法

  臭化カリウム，工業的には，水酸化カリウムの温水溶液に臭素を作用させ，蒸発乾固して木炭粉と熱し，生成する臭素酸カリウムを還元してつくる．

• 効能

  抗けいれん薬, 催眠鎮静薬

• 商品名

  臭化カリウム (山善製薬)

• 使用上の注意

  純度は金属ベースで差数法によって算出したもので、重量又は容量分析等の化学的方法によるものではありません。使用目的により、正確な含量が必要な場合は、それらの方法によって測定する必要があります。

• 化学的特性

  Potassium bromide is a white or colourless crystalline solid with a pungent strong bitter and saline taste, slightly hygroscopic and soluble in water and very slightly soluble in ethanol and ether; cubic; r.d. 2.75; m.p. 734°C; b.p. 1435°C. Potassium bromide maybe prepared by the action of bromine on hot potassium hydroxide solutionor by the action of iron(III) bromideor hydrogen bromide on potassium carbonate solution. It is used widely in the photographic industry and is also used as a sedative. Because of itsrange of transparency to infrared radiation,KBr is used both as a matrix for solid samples and as a prism materialin infrared spectroscopy.

• 使用

  Potassium bromide was used as a secondary halide in combination with an iodide in the paper negative processes, the albumen on glass process, and the wet collodion processes. When silver bromide gelatin emulsion was invented, potassium bromide was the primary halide. It was also used in combination with either bichloride of mercury, copper sulfate, or potassium ferricyanide in photographic bleaches and as a restrainer in alkaline developers used for gelatin plates and developing-out papers.

• 主な応用

  Potassium bromide is widely used in optics because KBr has a low refractive index and a wide spectral range into the infrared with nearly no absorption. As a result, KBr is widely used as infrared optical windows, as infrared beamsplitters, and as substrates for interferometers. Commonly KBr is used in transmission infrared spectroscopy as a media for powder samples. The KBr and powder are ground together and pressed, using a die, into a thin disc under vacuum. The disc suspends the sample without contributing to the transmitted signal. Potassium bromide has also been used in synthesis, commonly as a source of bromide ions. For example, double displacement of KBr and bismuth nitrate yielded nanosheets of bismuth oxybromide. Solutions of KBr have also been found to be useful shape-control agents or crystal-habit modifiers in formation of metal nanocrystals, including palladium nanorods and bimetallic platinum-paladium nanocrystals. KBr is a common source of bromide ions used as nucleophiles in organic chemistry.

• 製造方法

  Potassium bromide was produced by the action of bromine on hot potassium hydroxide solution or Reacting elemental bromine with potassium hydroxide or potassium iodide will produce the potassium bromide salt:
  KOH + Br2 → KBr + HOBr
  KI + Br2 → KBr + I2
  The reaction of bromine with potassium carbonate and urea is the basis of the process. The first step of the process involves the addition of K2SO4 to the potassium carbonate solution, followed by heating to 80 °C. After the lead-containing precipitate is removed by filtration, the bromine and urea are added, and the temperature and pH are adjusted to 30 °C and 6.0-6.5, respectively. Potassium bromide is recovered by recrystallization after reduction of volume of the reacting solution by evaporation. The sulfate can be removed from the solution by addition of BaBr2.

• 定義

  ChEBI: Potassium bromide is a metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is used in the manufacture of photographic film, developer, film thickener, toner and color photo bleach.

• 一般的な説明

  Potassium bromide is a white salt that crystallizes in the cubic rock salt structure, like sodium chloride. KBr is hygroscopic, deliquescent, highly soluble in water, and soluble in some polar organic solvents like glycerol, ethylene glycol, liquid ammonia, and hot ethanol, but insoluble in acetone. Aqueous solutions are neutral (pH about 7). When dissolved, KBr dissociates completely into its ions, making it a useful source of bromine ions in double displacement reactions or salt metathesis reactions. For example, this property was used in the production photographic films of silver bromide: KBr was reacted with silver nitrate to precipitate silver bromide, a salt that decomposes on exposure to light.

• 空気と水の反応

  Water soluble.

• 反応プロフィール

  Potassium bromide is not in generally strongly reactive. A weak reducing agent, incompatible with oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with salts of mercury and silver. Violent reactions occur with bromine trifluoride. May react with nitrous ether spirit, many alkaloidal salts and starch. May also react with acids . Reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to generate fumes of hydrogen bromide.

• 危険性

  Toxic by ingestion and inhalation

• 火災危険

  Flash point data for Potassium bromide are not available; however, Potassium bromide is probably nonflammable.

• 化学性质

  融点730℃，沸点1435℃

• 安全性プロファイル

  Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Large doses can cause central nervous system depression. Prolonged inhalation may cause skin eruptions. Mutation data reported. Violent reaction with BrF3. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O and Br-. See also BROMIDES.

• 合成方法

  鉄と臭素の反応物に炭酸カリウムを作用させる

• 純化方法

  Crystallise the bromide from distilled water (1mL/g) between 100o and 0o. Wash it with 95% EtOH, followed by Et2O. Dry it in air, then heat it at 115o for 1hour, pulverize it, then heat it in a vacuum oven at 130o for 4hours. It has also been crystallised from aqueous30% EtOH, or EtOH, and dried over P2O5 under vacuum before heating in an oven.

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