酸化エチレン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H220：極めて可燃性/引火性の高いガス

  H280：加圧ガス；熱すると爆発のおそれ

  H314：重篤な皮膚の薬傷?眼の損傷

  H335：呼吸器への刺激のおそれ

  H336：眠気やめまいのおそれ

  H340：遺伝性疾患のおそれ

  H350：発がんのおそれ

  H372：長期にわたる、または反復暴露により臓器の障 害

• 注意書き

  P202：全ての安全注意を読み理解するまで取り扱わないこ と。

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

酸化エチレン 価格

酸化エチレン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  エチレンオキシド，酸化エチレン，オキシラン(oxirane)ともいう．工業的には，エテンをα-アルミナに銀とアルカリ金属を担持した触媒により，直接気相酸化して得られる．実験室的には，エチレンクロロヒドリンをアルカリと反応させて合成する．快香があり，沸点以下では無色の液体．融点－111.3 ℃，沸点12.5 ℃．水と自由に混合し，エタノール，エーテルに易溶．水和してエチレングリコールを生成し，水酸化アルカリ，塩化鉄(Ⅲ)などによって重合し，ポリエチレングリコールを生成する．種々の有機化合物の合成原料として用いられ，エチレングリコールとしてポリエステル原料，ポリエチレングリコールとして洗剤原料，化粧品基剤，繊維処理剤，合成樹脂原料，殺菌剤などに用いられる．

• 用途

  種々の有機化合物の誘導体(ポリオキシエチレン系界面活性剤、エチレングリコール、エタノールアミンなど)の合成反応に用いる。また、強力な殺菌剤として薫蒸消毒に用いられる。

• 毒性

  エチレンオキシドは疫学調査による流産の増加という報告が複数あるとともに、動物実験による生殖細胞変異原性等、明確な影響が認められることから、「人に対して生殖毒性を示すことが知られている物質」に相当すると判断されています。

  その他、急性毒性としては、皮膚に付着すると水疱ができる、目に入ると角膜炎を起こすことがある、蒸気を多量に吸入した場合、麻酔作用を起こし、死に至ることがあります。取扱う際は、保護眼鏡、防護手袋、有機ガス用防毒マスクの着用が必要です。

  参考文献
  
  

• 効能

  殺菌消毒薬

• 特徴

  沸点が低く、無色液体もしくは気体。特徴のあるエーテル臭がある。
  水と任意に混和

• 特徴

  界面活性剤、グリコールエーテル、エトキシレート、エタノールアミン
  きわめて反応性が高いため、他の有機物質を合成する時の中間体として用いられる。また、殺菌力が強く、医療機器、精密機器の殺菌剤としても用いられる。

• 商品名

  エキテック (日本液炭); エポン (日本液炭); エルナック (和歌山酸素); エルナック (和歌山酸素); カポックス (日本液炭); ステリガス (スリーエムジャパン); ダイサイド (エア・ウォーター); ダイサイド (エア・ウォーター); フミゲート (住友精化)

• 説明

  Ethylene oxide (C2H4O) is a kind of cyclic ether with important industrial applications. Although it is highly toxic and dangerous for household application and consumers to use, it can be used for the manufacture of many important industrial and commercialized products as well as some chemicals and intermediates. For example, it is very useful in the production of detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and many kinds of organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. It is also a commonly sterilization methods used in the healthcare industry. In addition, it can be used as an accelerator of maturation of tobacco leaves and fungicide, as well as the main component of thermobaric weapons (fuel-air explosives). In industry, it is generally manufactured through direct oxidation of ethylene. In low doses, it can be used as a pesticide and a sterilizing agent owing to its effect of causing DNA damage. However, this property also make it a potential carcinogen.
  
  ethylene oxide structure

• 化学的特性

  Ethylene oxide is the simplest cyclic ether. It is a colorless gas or liquid and has a sweet, etheric odor. Ethylene oxide is a flammable, very reactive and explosive chemical substance. On decomposition, vapors of pure ethylene oxide mix with air or inert gases and become highly explosive. Ethylene oxide, is used in large scale as an intermediate in the production of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, poly(ethylene) glycols, ethylene glycol ethers, ethanolamine, ethoxylation products of fatty alcohols, fatty amines, alkyl phenols, cellulose, and poly(propylene glycol). It is also used as a fumigant for food and cosmetics, and in hospital sterilization of surgical equipment and heat sensitive materials.

• 天然物の起源

  Reported found in Bantu beer.

• 使用

  Ethylene oxide is widely used as a sterilizingagent; as a fumigant; as a propellant; in theproduction of explosives; in the manufactureof ethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, gly-col ethers, crown ethers, ethanolamines, andother derivatives; and in organic synthesis.

• 調製方法

  Ethylene oxide is currently produced by the direct oxidation of ethylene with oxygen or air over a catalyst. Ethylene is approximately 60% converted to the oxide at temperatures in the range of 100–150℃. In the past, an indirect but more general and more specific synthesis path consisted of adding hypochlorous acid to olefins to form the chlorohydrins. Subsequent treatment with strong bases results in dehydrochlorination and the formation of the epoxide.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.

• 製造方法

  By catalytic oxidation of ethylene.

• 製造方法

  エチレンクロロヒドリンと水酸化アルカリとの反応により生成する。この反応は、1859年にフランスのC・A・ウュルツにより最初に行われた反応で、エチレンオキシドの実験室的製法として知られている。

  

  　1937年に銀触媒上でエチレンを空気または酸素で直接酸化する方法が開発され、工業的にはこの方法により製造されることが多い。

• 空気と水の反応

  Highly flammable. Flammable over a wide vapor-air concentration range. Must be diluted on the order of 24 to 1 with water to lose flammability. Soluble in water.

• 反応プロフィール

  Colorless gas at room temperature (b.p. 11°C), confirmed carcinogen. Highly flammable, severe explosion hazard when exposed to flame. The autoignition temperature may be as low as 140° C in presence of rust. Rapid compression of the vapor with air causes explosion. ETHYLENE OXIDE vapor may be initiated into explosive decomposition in absence of air [Hess, L. G., et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1950, 42, p. 1251]. Metal fittings containing magnesium, copper or silver should be avoided, since traces of acetylene in ETHYLENE OXIDE may produce metal acetylides capable of detonating the vapor [MCA SD-38, 1971]. Violent polymerization occurs on contact with strong bases (alkali hydroxides, ammonia) or acids, amines, metallic potassium, oxides (aluminum oxide, iron oxide, rust), covalent halides (aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, tin(IV) chloride) [Gupta, A. K., J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 1949, 68, p. 179]. Violent reaction with m-nitroaniline, magnesium perchlorate, mercaptans, thiols, triethylamine [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 316]. ETHYLENE OXIDE and SO2 can react violently in pyridine solution with pressurization if ETHYLENE OXIDE is in excess (Nolan, 1983, Case History 51).

• 危険性

  Irritant to eyes and skin. Confirmed carcinogen. Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk, flammable limits in air 3–100%.

• 燃焼性と爆発性

  Ethylene oxide is an extremely flammable substance (NFPA rating = 4). Ethylene oxide vapor may be ignited by hot surfaces such as hot plates and static electricity discharges, and since the vapor is heavier than air, it may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and flash back. Ethylene oxide vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 3 to 100% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ethylene oxide fires. Ethylene oxide may explode when heated in a closed vessel.

• 使用用途

  エチレンオキシドは、そのままの状態で使用される場合と、他の化合物の合成用原料として使用される場合があります。そのままの状態で使用される場合は、強力な殺菌剤として使用されています。エチレンオキサイド滅菌と呼ばれる消毒に用いられ、高温での滅菌に耐えられない耐熱性の低いものの滅菌に効果的です。

  また、合成用原料として使用される場合は、、エチレンオキシドが重合したポリエチレンオキシドの原料として使用されることが多いです。そのほか、、エチレンカーボネート、アルキルエーテルなどの原料としても使用されます。

  ポリエチレンオキシドは高い親水性を持つため、疎水性であるアルキル基などと組み合わせることで、界面活性剤になり、非イオン系界面活性剤として洗剤などに活用することも可能です。

• 取扱面

  エチレンオキシドは爆発範囲が3.0~100%とかなり広く、酸素が全くない状態においても分解爆発を起こす可能性があります。火気厳禁であるだけでなく、直射日光を避け、風通しの良い冷暗所に保管する必要があります。

  蒸気密度は1.52と空気より重いため、漏洩すると足元に滞留し、臭いに気づかない可能性も高いです。わずかなエネルギーが加わることで爆発する危険性があるため、厳重な管理が不可欠です。

• 农业用途

  Fungicide and fumigant: Ethylene oxide is used as a fumigant for spices, seasonings, and foodstuffs and as an agricultural fungicide. When used directly in the gaseous form or in nonexplosive gaseous mixtures with nitrogen or carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide can act as a disinfectant, fumigant, sterilizing agent, and insecticide. It is a man-made chemical used as an intermediate in organic synthesis for ethylene glycol, polyglycols, glycol ethers, esters, ethanolamines, acrylonitrile, plastics, and surface-active agents. It is also used as a fumigant for textiles and for sterilization, especially for surgical instruments. It is used in drug synthesis and as a pesticide intermediate. Not approved for use in EU countries. Actively registered in the U.S.

• 製品名

  AMPROLENE®; ANPROLENE®; ANPROLINE®; BIODAC®; MERPOL®; OXYFUME®; OXYFUME 12®; T-GAS®; STERILIZING GAS ETHYLENE OXIDE 100%®

• 接触アレルゲン

  Ethylene oxide is a very strong irritant widely used in the chemical industry, and as a sterilizer of medical supplies, pharmaceutical products, and food. It can produce immediate (urticaria, asthma, anaphylaxis) or delayed reactions (irritant rather than allergic contact dermatitis). For example, residues in masks or dressings can produce irritant contact dermatitis.In delayed contact allergy, it seems that cross-reaction can be observed to epichlorhydrin or epoxypropane

• 材料の用途

  Steel and stainless steel are suitable materials for equipment and piping in ethylene oxide service. Dangerous runaway reactions can result from contact with copper, silver, magnesium and their alloys; mercury and its salts; oxidizers of all types; alkalis and acids; alcohols; mercaptans; and alkali metals. Ethylene oxide will polymerize violently if contaminated with aqueous alkalis, amines, mineral acids, metal chlorides, or metal oxides.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, tumorigenic, neoplastigenic, and teratogenic data. Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: convulsions, nausea, vomiting, olfactory and pulmonary changes. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. An irritant to mucous membranes of respiratory tract. High concentrations can cause pulmonary edema. Highly flammable liquid or gas. Severe explosion hazard when exposed to flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. Violent polymerization occurs on contact with ammonia, alkali hydroxides, amines, metalllc potassium, acids, covalent halides (e.g., aluminum chloride, iron(Ⅲ) chloride, tin(rv> chloride, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, rust). Explosive reaction with glycerol at 200℃. Rapid compression of the vapor with air causes explosions. Incompatible with bases, alcohols, air, m-nitroanlline, trimethyl amine, copper, iron chlorides, iron oxides, magnesium perchlorate, mercaptans, potassium, tin chlorides, contaminants, alkane thols, bromoethane. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

• 職業ばく露

  Ethylene oxide is a man-made chemical used in the production of glycols (ethylene glycol, polyglycols, glycol ethers, esters), nontonic surface-active agent; ethanolamines, acrylonitrile, plastics. It is also used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles; an agricultural fungicide; and for sterilization, especially for surgical instruments. It is used in drug synthesis and as a pesticide intermediate

• 発がん性

  Ethylene oxide is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans, including epidemiological studies and studies on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Ethylene oxide was first listed in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens in 1985 as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humansand sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. The listing was revised to known to be a human carcinogen in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens in 2000.
  An increased risk of cancer has been demonstrated in epidemiological studies of workers using ethylene oxide as a sterilant for medical devices and spices and in chemical synthesis and production.Evidence for a common mechanism of carcinogenesis in humans and experimental animals comes from studies that have found similar genetic damage in cells of animals and workers exposed to ethylene oxide. The DNA-damaging activity of ethylene oxide explains its effectiveness as a sterilant, and this same property accounts for its carcinogenic risk to humans.

• 環境運命予測

  Ethylene oxide released to the environment partitions primarily to the atmosphere due to its high volatility (vapor pressure 146 kPa at 20℃). Although the high water solubility of ethylene oxide suggests it can be extracted from air by rainfall, its rapid volatilization from water (half-life of 1 h) argues against this process being a significant factor in its environmental fate. In the atmosphere, ethylene oxide reacts with hydroxyl radicals resulting in a half-life of 2–5 months. In freshwater, ethylene oxide is hydrolyzed to ethylene glycol (half-life ～ 1 week); in salt water, it is hydrolyzed to ethylene glycol and ethylene chlorohydrin (half-life ～2 weeks). In unacclimated aqueous media, ethylene oxide is also subject to biodegradation with estimated half-lives of 1–6 months (aerobic) and 4–24 months (anaerobic). However, in the presence of activated sludge, ethylene oxide is readily biodegradable. Due to its high volatility and water solubility, ethylene oxide is not expected to persist in soil or sediments. The low log Kow (-0.30) for ethylene oxide indicates little potential for bioaccumulation.

• 貯蔵

  work with ethylene oxide should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and appropriate impermeable gloves and splash goggles should be worn at all times to prevent skin and eye contact. Ethylene oxide should be used only in areas free of ignition sources and should be stored in the cold in tightly sealed containers placed within a secondary container.

• 合成方法

  エチレンの直接気相酸化法

• 輸送方法

  UN1040 Ethylene oxide or Ethylene oxide with nitrogen up to a total pressure of 1 MPa (10 bar) at 50℃, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 2.1- Flammable gas, Inhalation Hazard Zone D. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a wellventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner

• 純化方法

  Dry oxirane with CaSO4, then distil it from crushed NaOH. It has also been purified by passage, as a gas, through towers containing solid NaOH. [Beilstein 17/1 V 3.]

• 不和合性

  May form explosive mixture with air. Chemically unstable. Dangerously reactive; may rearrange chemically and/or polymerize violently with evolution of heat; when in contact with highly active catalytic surfaces, such as anhydrous chlorides of iron, tin and aluminum; pure oxides of iron and aluminum; and alkali metal hydroxides. Even small amounts of strong acids; alkalis, or oxidizers can cause a reaction. Avoid contact with copper. Protect container from physical damage, sun and heat. Attacks some plastics, rubber or coatings.

• 廃棄物の処理

  Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Concentrated waste containing no peroxides-discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxides-perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance followed by open burning

• 予防処置

  Ethylene oxide is dangerously explosive under fi re condition; it is flammable over an extremely large range of concentrations in air and burns in the absence of oxygen.

• 参考文献

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_oxide
  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/ethylene-oxide

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