Natural gas (described by the TSCA definition below) is an approved ingredient in the generation of “Combustion product gas”, as described in §173.350. Limits of carbon dioxide in the final product (the gas) are set at 4.5% by volume and analytical methodology for testing the gas is prescribed. Combustion product gas is used to displace or remove oxygen in the processing, storage, or packaging of beverage products and other food, except for fresh meats.
化学的特性
Raw natural gas, as found in nature, or a gaseous combination
of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in
the range of C1 through C4 separated from raw natural gas by
the removal of natural gas condensate, natural gas liquid, and
natural gas condensate/natural gas. Natural gas is a
colorless, odorless, flammable gas that occurs naturally
along with petroleum deposits in marshes or from waste
decomposition and is composed mainly of methane. The gas
can be liquefied for transport and storage and is primarily
used as fuel.
使用
Petroleum gas, recovered during crude oil refining, is a
flammable gas that is easily compressed to LPG,
liquefied petroleum or “bottled” gas. LPG is primarily
used as fuel, as chemical raw material, and for refinery
blending of a variety of materials. Hydraulic fracturing
(HF or fracking) is used by gas producers to stimulate wells
and recover natural gas from sources such as coal beds and
shale gas formations. HF is also used for other applications
including oil recovery.
定義
A mixture of low molecular weight hydrocarbons obtained in petroleumbearing regions throughout the world. Its composition is 85% methane 10% ethane, the balance being
made up of propane, butane, and nitrogen. In the
U.S., it occurs chiefly in the southwestern states and
Alaska. An as-yet-unexploited source of natural gas
under extremely high pressure (so-called geopressurized gas) exists in Texas and Louisiana at depths
of 15,000–20,000 ft. The tremendous pressures
involved present formidable engineering problems.
Natural gas is classed as a simple asphyxiant. It
should not be confused with natural gasoline. About
3% of the natural gas consumed in the U.S. is used
as feedstocks by the chemical industries
一般的な説明
A flammable liquefied gaseous mixture of straight chain hydrocarbons, predominately methane.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable.
反応プロフィール
Liquid oxygen gives an explosive mixture when combined with liquid methane [NFPA 1991]. Contact of very cold liquefied gas with water may result in vigorous or violent boiling of the product and extremely rapid vaporization due to the large temperature differences involved. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if liquid gas contacts water in a closed container [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980]. Involved in many explosions when combined with especially powerful oxidizers such as bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride, chlorine, iodine, heptafluoride, dioxygenyl tetrafluoroborate, dioxygen difluorede, trioxygen difluoride and liquid oxygen. Other violent reactions include, chlorine dioxide and nitrogen trifluoride.
危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire and explosion
risk; explosive limits in air 3.8–17%
健康ハザード
Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
火災危険
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Methane (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
