クロロシアニド

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H280：加圧ガス；熱すると爆発のおそれ

  H314：重篤な皮膚の薬傷?眼の損傷

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H400：水生生物に強い毒性

• 注意書き

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P273：環境への放出を避けること。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P301+P330+P331：飲み込んだ場合：口をすすぐこと。無理に吐かせ ないこと。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

  P304+P340：吸入した場合：空気の新鮮な場所に移し、呼吸しやすい 姿勢で休息させること。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P310：ただちに医師に連絡すること。

  P321：特別な処置が必要である（このラベルの．．． を見よ）。

  P363：汚染された衣類を再使用す場合には洗濯をすること。

  P391：漏出物を回収すること。

  P405：施錠して保管すること。

  P410+P403：日光から遮断し、換気の良い場所で保管するこ と。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

クロロシアニド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 用途

  軍用化学製剤の原料(毒ガス)

• 説明

  Cyanide poisoning was first reported with the effects of extract of bitter almonds; then cyanide was identified and isolated from cherry laurel. Cyanogen chloride was first prepared in 1787 by the action of chlorine upon hydrocyanic acid (aka prussic acid) and was called ‘oxidized prussic acid.’ The correct formula for cyanogen chloride was first established in 1815. Cyanogen chloride was used in World War I in 1916.

• 化学的特性

  Cyanogen chloride is a colorless gas or liquid (below 55℃ F/13℃ ) with a pungent, irritating odor. Shipped as a liquefied gas. A solid below—6℃ .

• 来歴

  Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a very volatile compound, but is less a fire or explosive hazard than hydrogen cyanide and therefore logistically speaking less problematic. (Industry has found cyanogen chloride the preferred reactant in processes to make synthetic rubber). Reportedly, France combined hydrocyanic acid with cyanogen chloride in World War I ("manguinite"). The use of cyanogen chloride in this mixture was intended as an irritant to make soldiers remove their masks, exposing themselves to these very toxic gases. Cyanogen chloride was also combined with arsenic trichloride later on in the war. Like hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen chloride tends to spontaneously polymerize and therefore was combined with stabilizers (sodium pyrophosphate) for longer shelf life.

• 使用

  Cyanogen chloride is used in organic synthesis and as a military poisonous gas. Several benzene derivatives react with chloramine or with hypochlorous acid in the presence of ammonium ion to form cyanogen chloride (Maeda et al. 1987).

• 調製方法

  Cyanogen chloride is produced by the action of chlorine on moist sodium cyanide suspended in carbon tetrachloride and kept cooled to -3°C, followed by distillation.

• 一般的な説明

  A colorless gas or liquid with a strong acrid/pungent odor. Boils at 60°F. Liquid density 10.0 lb / gal. Shipped as a liquid confined under its own vapor pressure. A highly toxic lachrymator. Has been used as a tear gas. Vapor is heavier than air. Prolonged exposure of the container to fire or intense heat may cause violent rupturing and rocketing.

• 空気と水の反応

  Soluble in water. Very slow reaction with water to form hydrogen cyanide.

• 反応プロフィール

  CYANOGEN CHLORIDE may trimerize violently to form cyanuric chloride, catalyzed by hydrogen chloride or ammonium chloride. Reacts exothermically with alkenes and alkynes. Benzene and cyanogen halides yield HCl as a byproduct (Hagedorn, F. H. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullman Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).

• 危険性

  Cyanogen chloride becomes volatile as temperatures increase, and the DOT lists it as a 2.3 poison gas. The NFPA 704 designation for CK is estimated to be health 4, flammability 0,reactivity 2, and special ?0. Cyanogen chloride vapors are highly toxic. It has a four-digit UN identification number of 1589 (inhibited). Treatment for either AC or CK poisoning is to follow the treatment protocols for airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) and administer oxygen to assist breathing. Instructions for administration and dosage should be based on local protocols and with the advice of a physician. Sodium nitrate is administered to produce methemoglobin, thus seizing the cyanide on the methemoglobin. The sodium thiosulfate combines with the confiscated cyanide to form thiocyanate, which is then excreted from the body.

• 健康ハザード

  Cyanogen chloride is a highly poisonous compound and a severe irritant. In humans, exposure to 1 ppm for 10 minutes caused severe irritation of eyes and nose. Irritation of respiratory tract is followed by hemorrhage of the bronchi and trachea, as well as pulmonary edema.
  The toxicity of cyanogen chloride is attributed to its relatively easy decomposition to cyanide ion in an aqueous medium. The cyanide attacks the cells in the body and interferes with the cellular metabolism. Tests on rats indicated that exposure to cyanogen chloride caused lacrimation and chronic pulmonary edema and somnolence. At a high concentration of 300 ppm, death occurred to the test animals. Inhalation of 48 ppm for 30 minutes was fatal to humans. In animals, subcutaneous intakes of 5 and 15 mg/kg were lethal to both dogs and rabbits.
  Chronic exposure to cyanogen chloride can cause conjunctivitis and edema of the eyelid.

• 火災危険

  Not flammable. POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED WHEN HEATED IN FIRE. Overheated containers can explode.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, and possibly other routes. Toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation, conjunctiva irritation, and chronic pulmonary edema or congestion. A primary irritant. A severe human eye irritant. An insecticide. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam, it will react to produce highly toxic and corrosive fumes of Cl-, CN-, and NOx. See also other cyanogen entries, CYANIDE, and CHLORIDES.

• 職業ばく露

  Cyanaogen chloride is used as a fumi- gant, metal cleaner; in ore refining; production of synthetic rubber and in chemical synthesis. CK is used as a military poison gas (blood agent). It forms cyanide in the body.

• 環境運命予測

  The primary effect of cyanide poisoning results from the inhibition of the metal-containing enzymes, specifically, cytochrome oxidase a3 (containing iron) within the mitochondria. Cyanide poisons the mitochondrial electron transport chain within cells and renders the body unable to derive energy (ATP) from oxygen, therefore causing rapid death. Other mechanisms include pulmonary arteriolar and/or coronary vasoconstriction that results in cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema. Cyanide can also directly stimulate chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery, causing hyperpnea.

• 輸送方法

  UN1589 Cyanogen chloride, stabilized, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 8-Corrosive material Inhalation Hazard Zone A. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written per- mission of the owner. Military driver shall be given full and complete information regarding shipment and condi- tions in case of emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with the shipment of chemical agents. Shipments of agent will be escorted in accordance with AR 740-32.

• 不和合性

  CK is incompatible with; or, may react with most basic and acidic solvents. CK reacts slowly with water or water vapor forming toxic hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride. Cyanogen chloride may polymerize vio- lently if contaminated with chlorine. CK is unstable; it may be stabilized (i.e., inhibited) to prevent polymerization. In crude form CK trimerizes violently if catalyzed by traces of hydrogen chloride or ammonium chloride. Contact with alcohols, acids, acid salts; amines, strong alkalis; olefins, and strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion. Heat causes decomposition producing toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen cyanide, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides. Reacts slowly with water or water vapor, forming hydrogen chloride. Attacks copper, brass, and bronze in the presence of moisture.

• 廃棄物の処理

  Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. React with strong calcium hypo- chlorite solution for 24 hours, then flush to sewer with large volumes of water.

クロロシアニド 上流と下流の製品情報

506-77-4, クロロシアニド キーワード