オキサシリン

オキサシリン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 効能

  抗生物質, 細胞壁合成阻害薬

• 説明

  Chemically this is 3-methyl-5-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl penicillin. It was synthesized in 1961 and has been extensively used in North America. It is available as an oral solution of 120 mg/5 ml. It usually comes in an injectable formulation of 1 and 2 g. A 10-g injectable formulation is also marketed.

• 適応症

  In terms of the spectrum of antimicrobial action, oxacillin is analogous to benzylpenicillin. However, it combines the resistance to penicillinase with durability in an acidic medium, which allows it to be used not only intramuscularly, but also orally. It is used for infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci that are resistant to benzyl- and phenoxymethylpenicillins (septicemia, pneumonia, abscesses, empyemia, osteomyelitis, infected burns, infected wounds, and others). Synonyms of this drug are cryptocillin, liucipen, optocillin, totocillin, and others.

• 定義

  ChEBI: A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6.

• 抗菌性

  There is complete cross-resistance and tolerance with other group 3 penicillins. Oxacillin is frequently used to replace methicillin for standardized susceptibility testing to detect resistant staphylococci.

• 獲得抵抗性

  In addition to methicillin-resistant strains producing the low affinity PBP 2a, rare methicillin-susceptible isolates of Staph. aureus display reduced susceptibility to oxacillin, due to incompletely defined chromosomal resistance mechanisms.

• 接触アレルゲン

  Oxacillin is a semisynthetic penicillin of the group M. It is closely related to cloxacillin.

• 臨床応用

  Uses are those of group 3 penicillins

• 副作用

  There is cross-allergy with other penicillins and reactions are generally typical of the group. Abnormalities of liver function, especially elevation of transaminase levels, may occur, sometimes accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting and eosinophilia. As with benzylpenicillin, neurotoxicity may develop on high dosage in patients with renal failure. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported.

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