チアンフェニコール

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Warning

• 危険有害性情報

  H302：飲み込むと有害

  H315：皮膚刺激

  H319：強い眼刺激

  H335：呼吸器への刺激のおそれ

• 注意書き

  P261：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーの吸入を避ける こと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

チアンフェニコール 価格

MSDS Information

• Methylsulfonyl chloramphenicol

チアンフェニコール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  白色, 結晶性粉末～粉末

• 溶解性

  DMFに易溶、アセトン,エタノールにやや可溶、水に難溶、エーテル,クロロホルムに不溶。

• 用途

  クロラムフェニコール系抗生 物質です。抗菌スペクトルは広く、グラム陽 性菌、グラム陰性菌、マイコプラズマに対し て抗菌作用を示します。

• 用途

  合成抗菌剤、薬理研究用。

• 効能

  抗生物質, タンパク質合成阻害薬

• 化学的特性

  Off-White Solid

• 使用

  Thiamphenicol is an antibiotic. Thiamphenicol is the methyl-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol and has a similar spectrum of activity, but is 2.5 to 5 times as potent. Thiamphenicol is used particul arly for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections and pelvic inflammatory disease.

• 抗菌性

  It is generally less active than chloramphenicol, but is equally active against Str. pyogenes, Str. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis, including some strains resistant to chloramphenicol. It is more actively bactericidal against Haemophilus and Neisseria spp.

• 獲得抵抗性

  There is complete cross-resistance with chloramphenicol in those bacteria which elaborate acetyltransferase, although the affinity of the enzyme for thiamphenicol is lower. Organisms that owe their resistance to other mechanisms may be susceptible.

• 薬物動態学

  An oral dose of 500 mg produces a peak plasma level of 3–6 mg/L after about 2 h. The plasma half-life is 2.6–3.5 h. It is said to reach the bronchial lumen in concentrations sufficient to exert a bactericidal effect on H. influenzae. Unlike chloramphenicol it is not a substrate for hepatic glucuronyl transferase; it is not eliminated by conjugation, and its half-life is not affected by phenobarbital induction.
  About 50% of the dose can be recovered in an active form in the urine within 8 h and 70% over 24 h. The drug is correspondingly retained in the presence of renal failure, and in anuric patients the plasma half-life has been reported to be 9 h, a value not significantly affected by peritoneal dialysis. Biliary excretion is believed to account for removal of the antibiotic in anuric patients. The plasma concentration is elevated and half-life prolonged in patients with hepatitis or cirrhosis.

• 臨床応用

  Similar to that of chloramphenicol.

• 副作用

  There are no reports of irreversible bone-marrow toxicity. This has been related to the absence of the nitro group, and hence its reduction products, and differences in the biochemical effects of thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol on mammalian cells. It exerts a greater dose-dependent reversible depression of hemopoiesis and immunogenesis than chloramphenicol, and has been used for its immunosuppressive effect. Therapeutic doses (1–1.5 g) are likely to depress erythropoiesis in the elderly or others with impaired renal function.

• 純化方法

  Recrystallise thiamphenicol from H2O or CHCl3. The UV has max at 224, 266 and 274nm ( 13,700, 800 and 700) in 95% EtOH. The 1S,2S-isomer [1478651-7] has m 164.3-166.3o (from H2O/EtOAc/pet ether) and [] D 25 -12.6o (c 1, EtOH); and the racemate 1RS,2RS-Racefenical [847-25-6] has m 181-183o (dec) from CHCl3/EtOAc/pet ether. [Cutler et al. J Am Chem Soc 74 5475, 5482 1952, UV: Nachod & Cutler J Am Chem Soc 74 1291 1952, Suter et al. J Am Chem Soc 75 4330 1953, Cutler et al. J Am Pharm Assoc 43 687 1954, Beilstein 13 IV 2957.]

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