Chemical Properties
Diallylamine is a clear colourless to yellow flammable liquid. Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, benzene, with ammonia smell. It can be detected, but it is not unpleasant at 2-9 ppm and is not intolerable at 70 ppm.
Uses
Diallylamine is used as a solvent and in organic synthesis, including crop protection, an auxiliary in paper making, ionic water purifier, polymer monomer, pharmaceutical intermediate, etc. It is also used in the production of N,N-diallyldimethylammonium chloride and N,N-diallyldichloroacetamide, which is used as a safener in the preemergence herbicide EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate).
Preparation
Diallylamine is synthesized by hydrolysis of diallyl cyanamide. The hydrolysis reaction was carried out in a sulfuric acid medium, and the reflux was moderated for 6h. Yield 80-88%.
Application
Diallylamine can be used:
(1) as a copper hole filling additive in printed circuit board (PCB) stacking technology. The adsorption behaviour of Diallylamine levelers agent was probed by adding it to copper sulphate electroplating solution. And the relationship between alkalinity and electrodeposition was investigated by changing the length and functional groups of the side chains.
(2) A weak base poly(diallylamine) resin was prepared for gold extraction. The resin showed high adsorption capacity (up to 5 mmol/g dry resin) and good gold selectivity for most pH ranges and many different types of solutions, including contaminated wastewater. However, the slow dissolution of the uncrosslinked polymer chains in the resin matrix limits the gold adsorption properties at low gold concentrations (less than 5 mg/dm3).
General Description
A liquid with a disagreeable odor. Less dense than water. Flash point 70°F. May be toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Irritates skin and eyes. Used to make other chemicals.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Soluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Diallylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Health Hazard
May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Diallylamine is a flammable liquid and a dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back, while containers may explode in the heat of a fire. The compound may present a vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors, or in sewers. When heated to decomposition, diallylamine emits toxic fumes of NOx (Lewis, 1992).
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by inhalation. Human
systemic effects by inhalation route: eye
lachrymation and changes in the trachea or
bronchi. A skin and severe eye irritant. A
dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat
or flame. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also
AMINES and ALLYL COMPOUNDS.
Toxicology
Diallylamine can cause myocardial degeneration as well as damage to the kidneys and liver. This has been observed in rats and rabbits. Allylamines cause a severe primary fibrosis of the myocardium, The oral application of allylamine in the drinking water over 81–104 days caused a dose-dependent myocardial degeneration in rats.
Purification Methods
Keep the amine over KOH pellets overnight, decant and distil it from a few pellets of KOH at atmospheric pressure (b 108-111o), then fractionate through a Vigreux column (p 11). [Vliet J Am Chem Soc 46 1307 1924, Org Synth Coll Vol 1 201 1941.] The hydrochloride has m 164-165o (from Me2CO/EtOH). [Butler & Angels J Am Chem Soc 79 3128 1957.]
