Chemical Properties
light yellow, light greenish or light grey to
Uses
4-Nitrophthalonitrile is a useful chemical in organic synthesis. Dyes and metabolites.
Preparation
Synthesis of 4-Nitrophthalonitrile: SOCl2 (83.5 mL. 1.144 mol) was added dropwise under nitrogen purge to dry DMF (200 mL) which had been cooled to 0-5 °C. The solution was allowed to stir for 15 min at 0-5 °C. The 4-nitrophthalamide (60.1 g, 0.286 mol) was then added and the solution was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature and react for 18 h under nitrogen purge. The solution was then slowly added to ice water to crystallize and precipitate the product. The 4-nitrophthalonitrile was collected using vacuum filtration, washed with ice cold water, and allowed to air dry overnight; yield: 45.2 g (92%); m.p.: 141 °C (det. by DSC)
1 H NMR((CD3)2SO): 8.41 (dd, 1H), 8.67 (dd, 1H), 9.03 (dd, 1H) FTIR: 3091 (m, aromatic C-H stretch), 2242 (d, CN stretch), 1534 (s, asymmetric N=O stretch), 1349 (s, symmetric N=O stretch), 853 (s, C-N stretch)
Synthesis
4-Nitrophthalonitrile synthesized from phthalimide in three steps. The reaction time of ruthenium chloride and HZSM-5 catalysts was very shorter than ammonium molybdate and Hβ catalysts. The yield while we used ruthenium chloride and HZSM-5 catalysts were very higher than another.
In a three necked flask, 70 mL of dry dimethylformamide (DMF) was cooled to 0 °C under a stream of nitrogen and 7.3 mL of thionyl chloride was added so that the internal temperature did not go beyond 5 °C. After addition, nitrogen flow was ceased and a calcium chloride tube was added to the top of flask. Meanwhile, the color of the medium was observed to be yellow. Then, 10 g (0.048 mol) of 4- nitrophthalamide was slowly added so that the internal temperature did not go beyond 5 °C. The mixture was stirred over ice bath for 1 hour. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and then poured over 500 g of ice-water. The precipitate was filtered and washed successively with water, 250 mL 5% sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, and water again and dried in a vacuum oven at 110-120 °C. Molecular formula: C8H3N3O2. Yield: 7.4 g (90%). Mp: 141 °C.
References
[1] Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 1999, vol. 53, # 9, p. 714 - 720
[2] Materials Research Bulletin, 2016, vol. 75, p. 144 - 154
[3] Heterocycles, 1984, vol. 22, # 9, p. 2047 - 2052
[4] Patent: EP413415, 1991, A1
[5] Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2003, vol. 52, # 1, p. 150 - 153
