Description
Ammonium metavanadate can be used as a catalyst for organic synthesis. Thermal decomposition of ammonium metavanadate yields vanadium pentoxide, V205, which is widely used as catalyst and precursor for other vanadium compounds and metallic vanadium itself. Ammonium metavanadate is a reagent in the analytical chemistry and a developer in the photography industry. Ammonium metavanadate is used in dyeing and printing in the textile industry. Ammonium metavanadate is also used as dryer for paints.
References
[1] Kirti S.Niralwad, Bapurao B.Shingate and Murlidhar S.Shingare, Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of octahydroquinazolinone derivatives using ammonium metavanadate under solvent-free condition, Tetrahedron Letters, 2010, vol. 51, 3616-3618
[2] Ganesh R. Jadhav, Mohammad U. Shaikh, Rajesh P. Kale, Charansingh H. Gill, Ammonium metavanadate: A novel catalyst for synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives, Chinese Chemical Letters, 2009, vol. 20, 292-295
[3] Swapnil S. Sonar, Amol H. Kategaonkar, M. N. Ware; Charansingh H. Gill, Bapurao B. Shingate and Murlidhar S. Shingare, Ammonium metavanadate: an effective catalyst for synthesis of α-hydroxyphosphonates, ARKIVOC, 2009, vol. 2009, 138-148
[4] Klaus-Jürgen Range and Reinhard Zintl, The thermal decomposition of ammonium metavanadate (V) in open and closed systems, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 1988, vol.43, 309-317
[5] Jeanne Mager Stellman, Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety: Chemical, Industries and Safety, 2012
[6] NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers, Selected Formulary Book on Inks, Paints, Lacquers, Varnishes and Enamels, 2007
Chemical Properties
Ammonium metavanadate is an inorganic acidic salt with the formula NH4VO3. It is a white or slightly yellow crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in cold water, hot ethanol and ether, soluble in hot water and dilute ammonium hydroxide. It is an important intermediate in the purification of vanadium.
Uses
Ammonium vanadium oxide is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, and as an analytical reagent in laboratories. It is employed in the preparation of vanadate. It acts as a sensor for the determination of N-acetyltransferase activity in humans. Further it finds use in dyes, varnishes, indelible inks, drier for paints, and in photography. With copper carbonate, it has been shown to enhance the catalytic activities. Ammonium metavanadate is an environmental-friendly catalyst to prepare alpha-hydroxyphosphonate derivatives in high yield through the reaction of aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes with triethylphosphonate derivatives.
Uses
In dyeing and printing on woolens; staining wood black; manufacture of vanadium black and "indelible ink"; producing vanadium luster on pottery; as photographic developer; in hematoxylin staining in microscopy; as reagent in analytical chemistry.
Preparation
Ammonium metavanadate, NH4VO3, plays an important role in the preparation of vanadium oxides and other ammonium compounds, such as NH4V3O8, (NH4)2V3O8, and NH4V4O10, which were found to possess interesting electrochemical properties.
Synthesis of ammonium metavanadate: Vanadium iron powder and charcoal powder mixed with a certain proportion of granulation for roasting, and the role of liquid alkali to generate sodium vanadate, the clear liquid after concentration, filtration, neutralization with hydrochloric acid to Ph7.5 ~ 8, filtration, filtrate heating to 70 ~ 80 ℃, stirring under the addition of ammonium chloride solution, the precipitate by centrifugal separation, washing, drying, the production of ammonium metavanadate crystals.
tailoring the size and shape-new path for ammonium metavanadate synthesis
Application
Ammonium metavanadate is a water soluble inorganic acid. It is a cheaply available, mild and efficient catalyst. Its ability to alter female reproduction has been studied in swiss albino mice.
Ammonium metavanadate may be used as a substrate in the synthesis of the following:
silver vanadate (AgVO3) nanorods
manganese vanadate nanobelts
vanadium oxide hydrate semi-microspheres
It may be used as a catalyst in the synthesis of the following:
azalactone derivatives
2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles
octahydroquinazolinone derivatives
α-hydroxyphosphonates
General Description
Ammonium metavanadate appears as a white crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Decomposes at 410°F. May release toxic fumes. Moderately toxic. An irritant. Used as a dryer for paints and inks, and for dyes. Loses ammonia upon heating.
Air & Water Reactions
Slightly soluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Acidic inorganic salts, such as Ammonium metavanadate, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.
Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
Flammability and Explosibility
Non flammable
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
subcutaneous, intravenous, intratracheal,
and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. An experimental teratogen.
Other experimental reproductive effects.
Mutation data reported. See also
VANADIUM COMPOUNDS. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of NH3, VOx, and NOx.
Potential Exposure
It is used in the metals industry to
make alloys, chemical reactions, dyes, inks, varnishes,
printing, medicines, and photography.
Shipping
UN2859 Ammonium metavanadate, Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Purification Methods
Wash the salt with H2O until free from Cl-ions and dry it in air. It is soluble in H2O (5.18g/100mL at 15o, 10.4g/100mL at 32o) but is more soluble in dilute NH3. It crystallises from conductivity water (20mL/g). When heated at relatively low temperature, it loses H2O and NH3 to give vanadium oxide (V2O5), and at 210o it forms lower oxides. [Baker et al. Inorg Synth III 117 1950.] Its solubility in H2O is 0.52% (15o), 1% (32o) and 1.6% (50o). After washing the technical grade salt with H2O, it had Na, Mn and U at 0.06, 0.2 and 0.1 ppm, respectively. [Brauer in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chem (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1272-1273 1965.]
Incompatibilities
Moisture forms an acidic solution. React
with bases and alkaline material: may generate heat and
release flammable hydrogen gas.
