Chemical Properties
Crystalline Solid
Uses
Analog of Metronidazole. Antiamebic. Antiprotozoal (Trichomonas).
Uses
antiameobic, antitrichomonas
Definition
ChEBI: Secnidazole is a C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It has a role as an epitope. It is a C-nitro compound, a member of imidazoles and a secondary alcohol.
Pharmaceutical Applications
A 5-nitroimidazole with properties similar to those of metronidazole. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and is distinguished by having the longest plasma half-life (18 h) of clinically used nitroimidazole drugs. It is used in the treatment of intestinal amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis.
Biological Activity
Secnidazole is a nitroimidazole anti-microbial selective against many anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and protozoa. It has been approved for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Secnidazole is a prodrug, whose nitro group is reduced by bacterial enzymes to radical anions th at interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis.
Synthesis
In a 10 L glass reactor, 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (635 g), 1-bromo-2-propanol (2070 g), potassium carbonate (2114 g) and acetone (7.1 L) were added in a molar ratio of 1:3:3:20. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 °C and refluxed for 5 h under stirring conditions. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (GF254 silica gel plate, unfolding agent was chloroform:ethanol=85:15) to confirm the completion of the reaction to obtain the reaction mixture A. Acetone was recovered by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain the reaction mixture B. 9 L of water was added to the reaction mixture B, cooled down to 0 °C and centrifuged to obtain the wet product. The wet product was washed with cold water and centrifuged again after stirring at 1 °C for 3 h to obtain 1-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol crude product. The crude product was transferred to a 5L reactor, 40% ethanol (3L) and activated carbon (30g) were added, heated to 70°C refluxed to dissolve and then hot filtered. The filtrate was cooled to 0°C for crystallization for 3 h. After centrifugal separation, the product was dried under vacuum at 40°C to obtain the pure Secnidazole. After weighing, the mass of the final product was 820 g, and the total yield was 89.1%.
References
[1] Patent: CN103772289, 2016, B. Location in patent: Paragraph 0036-0042
