Ensartinib dihydrochloride

Description

Ensartinib HCl is the salt form of Ensartinib, an orally available small molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, X-396 binds to and inhibits ALK kinase, ALK fusion proteins and ALK point mutation variants. Inhibition of ALK leads to the disruption of ALK-mediated signaling and eventually inhibits tumor cell growth in ALK-expressing tumor cells. ALK belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily and plays an important role in nervous system development.

Uses

Ensartinib dihydrochloride (X-396 dihydrochloride) is a potent and dual ALK/MET inhibitor with IC50s of <0.4 nM and 0.74 nM, respectively.

Indications

Ensartinib dihydrochloride is mainly used to treat patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Synthesis

The synthesis began with the reaction of dichloropyrazine 248 with ammonia via a SNAr reaction to generate aminopyrazine 249. Aminopyridazine 249 was reacted with bromine under alkaline conditions to give dihalogenated pyridazine building block 250 in 35% yield. First, chiral mixed benzyl alcohol (251) was isolated using N-Boc-D-proline and conventional esterification conditions to give 252 in 51% yield. Exposure of this system to sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran (THF) gave an unusual substitution reaction with bromide 250. Ether 253 was recovered in 38% yield, and the amine Chemicalbook compound then underwent double Boc protection followed by metal-catalyzed carbonyl insertion in ethanol to give an ester that was subsequently saponified to afford acid 255. Piperazine (piperazine 256) was first reacted with another compound 257 under coupling conditions to form amide 258. Amide 258 then underwent Boc protection. The Boc-protected compound was then subjected to nitro reduction reaction to convert the nitro group to amino group to give aniline 259. Aniline 259 was coupled with the previously synthesized acid 255. Finally, ensartinib dihydrochloride was obtained by treatment with isopropanol hydrochloric acid.

in vivo

References

[1] Lovly CM, et al. Insights into ALK-driven cancers revealed through development of novel ALK tyrosine kinaseinhibitors. Cancer Res. 2011 Jul 15;71(14):4920-31. DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3879