TITANIUM MONOXIDE

Chemical Properties

Titanium monoxide, TiO, has a rock-salt structure but can exist with both oxygen and titanium vacancies. For stoichiometric TiO, the lattice parameter is 417 pm, but varies from ca 418 pm at 46 atom % to 4162 pm at 54 atom % oxygen. Apparently, stoichiometric TiO has ca 15% of the Ti and O sites vacant. At high temperatures (>900 °C (1,652 °F)), these vacancies are randomly distributed; at low temperatures, they become ordered. Titanium monoxide may be made by heating a stoichiometric mixture of titanium metal and titanium dioxide powders at 1,600 °C (2,912 °F).

Chemical Properties

bronze pellets; fcc; weakly basic oxide with no important industrial uses [HAW93] [STR93] [KIR83]

Physical properties

Gold-bronze solid. Prepared by mixing stoichiometric amounts of Ti and TiO₂ heated in a Mo-crucible at 1600°C or by the reduction of TiO₂with H under pressure at 130 atm and 2000°C. Slightly paramagnetic solid with χ_m = +88 × 10^–6 emu.

Uses

Used for vacuum deposition. Also applications include sunscreens and UV-blocking in cosmetics, varnishes, wood preservatives, textile fibers, and packaging films. Also used as paint pigment, opacifying agent, welding rod fluxes, optical coatings, as a catalyst, ceramic finish coat, plastics, elastomers, coated fabrics, printing inks, roofing granules, glass, and in glazes. Also identified as Titanium monoxide.

Definition

ChEBI: Titanium(II) oxide is a titanium oxide containing approximately equal numbers of titanium and oxygen ions.

Preparation

Titanium monoxide or hongquiite (TiO) may be prepared by direct reduction by mixing stoichiometric amounts of titanium metal and titanium dioxide into a molybdenum crucible at 1600°C or reduction of the titanium dioxide with hydrogen under pressure at 130 atm and 2000°C.
Ti (s) + TiO₂(s) —> 2 TiO(s) (1600°C)

Reactions

On heating the monoxide in air, the compound reverts to other titanium oxides as a function of temperature increase:
TiO(s) —> Ti₂O₃(s) (200°C);
TiO(s) —> Ti₃O₅(s) (250–350°C);
TiO(s) —> TiO₂(s) (350°C).