Description
Chlorosulfonic acid is a highly corrosive, colorless to yellow, slightly cloudy, fuming liquid with a sharpodor. Molecular weight =115.52; Boiling point =155℃;Freezing/Melting point =-80℃. Hazard Identification(based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 4,Flammability 0, Reactivity 2 . Reactive with water.
Chemical Properties
Chlorosulfonic acid, ClS03H, also known as chlorosulfuric acid and sulfuric chlorohydrin, is an colorless to light yellow oily liquid. It is formed from sulfur trioxide and hydrogen chloride, but decomposes in water to form hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.It is a vigorous dehydrating agent and is used in manufacturing synthetic drugs,poison gas, and saccharin.
Chemical Properties
Chlorosulfonic acid is a highly corrosive, colorless to yellow, slightly cloudy, fuming liquid with a sharp odor.
Uses
Chlorosulfonic acid is used as detergent and as an anti-contrail agent. It is used as an intermediate in the production of other substances such as pharmaceuticals and chemicals. It finds application in producing smoke screens.
Uses
manufacture of sulfone Compounds, saccharin. As chlorosulfonating and condensing agent in organic syntheses.
Uses
Chlorosulfuric Acid is used in the preparation of benzothiazepinylphosphonate bile acid transporter inhibitor. Also used in the preparation ofsulfated guar gum for potential use as an antioxidant.
General Description
A colorless to yellow colored fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Density 14.7 lb / gal. Causes severe burns. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals.
Reactivity Profile
Chlorosulfonic acid is a strong oxidizing acid. Reacts violently with water, strong mineral acids and bases, alcohols, finely dispersed organic matter. Dangerously incompatible with combustible materials, nitrates, chlorates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates, and fulminates. Undergoes possibly violent reactions with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetonitrile, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, alkali, allyl alcohol, allyl chloride, ammonium hydroxide, aniline, butyraldehyde, cresol, cumene, diethyleneglycol methyl ether, diisopropyl ether, diphenyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylenediamine, ethylene glycol, glyoxal, hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane), hydrogen peroxide, isoprene, powdered metals, methyl ethyl ketone, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate. When heated to decomposition, Chlorosulfonic acid emits toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and oxides of sulfur [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 831]. Reaction with phosphorus accelerates out of control and culminates in an explosion [Heumann, K. et al., Ber., 1882, 15, p. 417]. Mixing chlorosulfuric acid and 98% sulfuric acid may evolve HCl [Subref: Anon, Loss Prev. Bull. 1977, (013), 2-3].
Hazard
Toxic by inhalation; strong irritant to eyes
and skin; causes severe burns. Can ignite combustible materials. Evolves hydrogen on contact
with most metals.
Health Hazard
INHALATION: vapor extremely irritating to lungs and mucous membranes. Vapor has such a sharp and pentrating odor that inhalation of severely toxic quantities is unlikely unless it is impossible to escape the fumes. CONTACT WITH EYES OR SKIN: liquid acid will severely burn body tissue.
Flammability and Explosibility
Non flammable
Safety Profile
A poison irritant. See
also SULFURIC ACID. Chlorosulfonic acid
is corrosive, can cause severe acid burns and
is very irritating to the eyes, lungs, and
mucous membranes. It can cause acute toxic
effects either in the liquid or vapor state.
Inhalation of concentrated vapor may cause
loss of consciousness with serious damage
to lung tissue. Contact of liquid with the
eyes can cause severe burns if the liquid is
not immediately and completely removed. It
also causes severe sh burns due to its
highly corrosive action. Upon ingestion it
Potential Exposure
Used to make pesticides, detergents, pharmaceuticals, dyes, resins, sulfonated oils; intermediate for dyes and pharmaceuticals; and pesticides. Although no military designation has been assigned chlorosulfonic acid may have been used as a choking/pulmonary agent
First aid
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. If victim is conscious, administer water ormilk. Do not induce vomiting.
storage
(1) Color Code—White Stripe: Contact Hazard;Store separately; not compatible with materials in solidwhite category. (2) Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store in a secure poison location. Prior to workingwith chlorosulfonic acid you should be trained on its properhandling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in acool, well-ventilated area away from water, acids, bases,alcohols, metal powders, and organic combustible materials.It is preferable to store this chemical under nitrogen. Wherepossible, automatically pump liquid from drums or otherstorage containers to process containers.
Shipping
UN1754 Chlorosulfonic acid (with or without sulfur trioxide), Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.
Purification Methods
Distil the acid in an all-glass apparatus, taking the fraction boiling at 156-158o. It reacts EXPLOSIVELY with water [Cremlyn Chlorosulfonic acid: A Versatile Reagent, Royal Society of Chemistry UK, 2002, p 308, ISBN 0854044981, Fehér in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 385 1963].
Incompatibilities
Explosively reacts with water, forming sulfuric and hydrochloric acid and dense fumes. Dangerously reactive, avoid contact with all other material. Violent reaction with many compounds, including reducing agents; alcohols, chemically active metals; combustible materials, strong acids, alkaline earth sulfides, aluminum carbides, aluminum, amines, calcium sulfide, carbides, chlorine trifluoride, glycerin, hydrides, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydroxylamine, magnesium, metal powders, metal sulfides, molybdenum, phenylhydrazine, phosphorous red/friction, phosphorous trichloride, silicon, sulfides, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, sulfur/ friction, sulfuric acid, tungsten, hydrogen trisulfide, diphenyl ether, finely divided metals, silver nitrate. Contact with phosphorous may cause fire and explosions. Forms explosive material with ethyl alcohol. Attacks many metals; reaction with steel drums forms explosive hydrogen gas, which must be periodically relieved.
