Description
Alpidem is an imidazopyridine antianxiety agent with anticonvulsant properties. It is
claimed to be the first non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic to show selectivity for the
omega-1 modulatory site of the GABA, receptors. Alpidem is reported to be superior
to buspirone and similar to the benzodiazepines, but is significantly better tolerated
with lower abuse potential.
Chemical Properties
White to Off-White Solid
Originator
Synthelabo (France)
Uses
A peripheral benzodiazepine GABAA receptor ligand, a new anxiolytic
Definition
ChEBI: Alpidem is a member of imidazoles.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Alpidem is a potent antagonist of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) that is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and interacts with the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore. Alpidem is an anxiolytic drug from the imidazopyridine family. Alpidem acts selectively on the α3 receptor subtype and to a lesser extent at the α1 subtype (Kd of 0.33nM and 1.67nM respectively), of the benzodiazepine receptor.
Clinical claims and research
Alpidem is an imidazopyridine partial agonist that also shows relative selectivity for the type I benzodiazepine receptor. Studies have shown an anxiolytic effect comparable with the classic benzodiazepines, but with an improved adverse effect profile (Pancheri et al. 1993). It has also been compared with buspirone in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and shown to be more rapidly effective and again to have a more favorable adverse effect profile (Legris et al. 1993). Longer-term studies with alpidem have shown that tolerance does not occur, and no significant problems of withdrawal on discontinuation were found (Chevalier et al. 1993). Alpidem was licensed in France for the treatment of anxiety but has now been suspended because of recent reports of alpidem-induced hepatic dysfunction. The reason for this is unclear, but it may be a reflection of the fact that alpidem also binds to peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, which are present in high density in the liver.
