Background
Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a potent growth factor for cardiomyocytes. Long-term infusion of subhyperbaric doses of Norepinephrine hydrochloride in animals can cause increases in myocardial mass and left ventricular wall thickness. Norepinephrine hydrochloride activates the Raf-1 kinase/MAP kinase cascade through α1- and β-adrenergic stimulation, and signaling pathways from both receptors synergistically induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Specific Modeling Methods
Rat: Spragues-Dawley rats ? adult (6 months old) ? male
Administration: Continuously injected via an osmotic minipump ? 100 μg/kg/h or 200 μg/kg/h (Norepinephrine)
Modeling Indicators
Molecular changes: Left ventricular Dnmt activity ↑; ROS generation ↑; lactate dehydrogenase release ↑; dystrophin expression ↑; FHL2 protein expression ↓
Gene Expression: Expression of Dnmt1, 3a, and 3b ↑; mRNA expression of fetal genes ANP, BNP, and βMHC in left ventricle ↑
Phenotypic observation: Myocardial infarction area ↑; blood pressure continues to rise; left ventricular mass ↑; left ventricular development pressure ↓; cardiac contractility ↓. Cardiac hypertrophy.
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (HY-A0004), Prazosin (HY-B0193), Propranolol (HY-B0573B)
