Pharmacological action
Chlorogenic acid as the condensation product of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is blue when meeting with iron, which is similar to tannins , but not precipitated with protein, so no convergence. Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid has the wide bacteriostasis, but can be inactivated protein in the body. This product is similar to caffeine, oral or intraperitoneal injection, can improve the rat central excitability. Oral the drug of chlorogenic acid and coffee acid can increase the amount of hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach, and can make slow pulse, and quinic acid is not. Chlorogenic acid could significantly increase small intestine peristalsis on the rat or mouse. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and quinic acid can increase the tension of rat uterus, this function can be cancelled by papaverine, while atropine can't influence. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, also can promote bile secretion in rats. On the specimens of rabbit ileum in vitro, this product can enhance the effect of adrenaline, but has no effect on blood glucose of adrenaline.
Protecting liver, gallbladder
Chlorogenic acid in flos lonicerae has favorable gallbladder function, promoting biliary Secretion of rats. Injection of 200 mg/kg chlorogenic acid to browns MAO honeysuckle total saponins subcutaneous can be significantly against CCl4, paracetamol and the increase of serum GPT caused by galactosamine in mice liver and liver triglyceride levels, and significantly reduce the severity of the liver pathological damage, making dot necrosis number sum and necrosis occur rate liver decreased obviously.
The inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase and glucose - 6 - phosphatase
Hyaluronic cranberry (HAase) is one of the cracking mucopolysaccharide enzymes, can catalyze hyaluronic acid (HA) decomposition,which is in relation to the permeability of vascular system and inflammation. HA is a mucopolysaccharide, which is composed of uronic acid and acetyl glucosamine, having a variety of functions, such as heal, make the skin wetting health, lubricating joints and prevent inflammation, etc. 3, 5-2 coffee acyl quinic acid (artichoke acid) and chlorogenic acid found in the ethyl acetate extract from the narrow assists cone flower (Echinacea amgustifolia DC) roots have stronger inhibitory effect of HAase activated.
Animal in vitro studies have demonstrated that chlorogenic acid can not reversible inhibition of glucose-6-hydrolysis of phosphatase, reduce liver glycogen decomposition and exogenous glucose absorption. Animal studies have shown that the use of chlorogenic acid can reduce high blood sugar spikes caused by the use of glucagon (glycogenolysis). Therefore, chlorogenic acid can lower blood sugar level, improve the liver glucose-6-phosphoric acid and the concentration of hepatic glycogen.
The character of molecular structure
Chlorogenic acid is formed by caffeic acid and quinic acid, and the molecular structure has ester bond, unsaturated double bond and polyphenol unstable part of the three. In the process of extracted from plants, chlorogenic acid often happen by hydrolysis and intramolecular ester base migration isomerization . Due to the special structure of chlorogenic acid, it can extract from plants by the polarity solvent such as ethanol, acetone, methanol. But due to the instability of chlorogenic acid itself, extraction can not be in high temperature, strong light and heat for a long time. Chlorogenic acid liquid were placed in brown bottle, refrigerator (2 ℃) to save to be the most stable.
Preparation method
Chlorogenic acid can be obtained by (1S)-1-ethoxyformyloxy-3-cis-[3,4-dihydroxy-anti-cinnamoyl oxygen radicals]-4'-anti-5'-anti-dihydroxy cyclohexane-γ-methyl formate with barium hydroxide in methanol catalytic hydrolysis, or by the segregation from green coffee beans.
HPLC method for determination the content
(1)Chromatographic conditions: octadecyl silane bonded silica gel as the filling agent; Acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid solution (13:87) as mobile phase; Detection wavelength of 327 nm. Theoretical plate number according to the chromatographic peak of chlorogenic acid is greater than 1000.
(2)the preparation of the reference substance solution: precisely weigh the right amount of chlorogenic acid reference substance, placed in brown volumetric flask, adding 50% methanol solution containing 40 μg /mL (saving below 10 ℃).
(3)the preparation of sample solution: taking samples of dry powder is about 0.5 g, precision said, with a plug in the conical flask, adding 50 ml 50% methanol , 30 min ultrasonic processing , cooling, weighing, make up the weight loss reduction with 50% methanol, shake well, filtration, abandoned the early filtrate, precision measuring duration of filtrate 5 ml, 25 ml volumetric brown flask , add 50% methanol to the scale, shake well.
(4)assimilate precision respectively from each 10 μL reference substance and the sample solution, injection liquid chromatograph, determination,obtained.
Toxicity
Chlorogenic acid is sensitive to people, can cause asthma, dermatitis, but no this reaction to the oral of chlorogenic acid. It can be active no sensitization substances by small intestinal secretions convertion to. The toxicity of chlorogenic acid is very small, LD50 is greater than 1 g/kg to young rats, intraperitoneal injection of greater than 0.25 g/kg.
Chemical property
Hemihydrate is needle crystal (water). When 110 ℃, it become to anhydrous compounds. Melting point: 208 ℃, [alpha] 20D-35.2 (C = 2.8). When 25 ℃, water solubility was 4%, solubility is bigger in the hot water. Soluble in ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate.
Uses
It has broad antibacterial effect, advantageous bravery, hemostatic, increase white blood cell and antiviral effect, the effect of the blood clotting and bleeding time is shortened. It is used in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic, cool blood heat dissipation.
Used as pharmaceutical raw materials and intermediates.
clearing heat and removing toxicity, cold wind heat, broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, having obvious inhibitory effect to hemolytic streptococcus, dysentery rod gas and salmonella typhi bacteria
Toxicity grading
toxication
Acute toxicity
Abdominal cavity-rat LDL0:4000 mg/kg
Flammability hazard characteristics
Combustible; Release acrid smoke fire
Storage and transport properties
Low temperature warehouse, ventilated, dry
Fire extinguishing agent
Water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand
Chemical Properties
white to slightly yellowish-beige powder
Uses
Chlorogenic acid is used as a food additive in coffee products, chewing gum and mint. It acts as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, which is an antioxidant.
Definition
ChEBI: Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a cinnamate ester and a tannin. It is functionally related to a (-)-quinic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate.
General Description
Chlorogenic acid is a bioactive polyphenolic compound mainly found in many plants, such as coffee. It is a potent neuroprotectant and also possesses antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and antitumor properties. CGA may also be involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and improving insulin sensitivity.
Anticancer Research
Chlorogenic acid plays a major role in the prevention and inhibition of tumor growth,
and the anti-tumor mechanism can be summarized as follows: (1) Regulate
the expression of apoptosis-related factors and promote apoptosis of
cancer cells; (2) It acts on the cell division cycle and hinders the
reproduction, metastasis, and invasion of cancer cells; (3) Affect the
metabolism level of cancer cells and the normal growth of cancer cells
[1].
Purification Methods
Crystallise the acid from water and dry it at 110o. [Beilstein 10 H 537, 10 I 271, 10 II 378, 10 III 2408, 10 IV 2259.]
References
[1] Wang, L., Pan, X., Jiang, L., Chu, Y., Gao, S., Jiang, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Luo, S., Peng, C. (2022). The Biological Activity Mechanism of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Applications in Food Industry: A Review. Frontiers in Nutrition, 943911.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.943911
