PROSTAGLANDIN D2

Description

Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) is the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is released in large quantities during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis. Mastocytosis patients produce excessive amounts of PGD₂, which causes vasodilation, flushing, hypotension, and syncopal episodes. PGD₂ is also produced in the brain via an alternative pathway involving a soluble, secreted PGD-synthase also known as β-trace. In the brain, PGD₂ produces normal physiological sleep and lowering of body temperature. Further pharmacological actions include inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. PGD₂ inhibits human ovarian tumor cell proliferation with an IC₅₀ of 6.8 μM.

Uses

Prostaglandin D2 is a fatty acid compound present in the human body. Elevated levels of localized Prostaglandin D2 has been linked to hair loss and growth inhibition. It has also been seen to contribute to the activity of allergic asthma.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- s ereoisomer).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Primary prostaglandin in brain; induces inflammation; stimulates adenylyl cyclase.