Description
ATP disodium salt (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt, ATP-Na2) is an organic sodium salt. It consists of an ATP and a ({(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(9h -purin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl)methylphosphonatooxy)phosphonate. It has the role of providing a source of energy for cells and is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in the body. ATP disodium salt is an important endogenous signalling molecule in immunity and inflammation. It is an important component in the study of various physiological and biochemical processes. It is involved in a variety of cellular functions such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission and membrane transport, making it a fundamental molecule for understanding biological mechanisms. It can also be used to photometrically determine Luc activity in cell extracts.
Chemical Properties
White powder
Application
In biochemical research. To inhibit enzymatic browning of raw edible plant materials, such as sliced apples, potatoes, etc.
Uses
A metabolite of Adenosine (A280400), a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme of intracellular energy transfer. It transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. ATP Disodium Salt (ATP-Na2) is used in the synthetic preparation of ribose-modified deoxyadenosine bisphosphate analogues as P2Y1 receptor ligands.
Biological Activity
P2 purinoceptor agonist.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an important energy currency in all living organisms. It possesses high phosphate transfer potential. ATP is involved in several biological processes such as membrane transport, muscle contraction and synthesis, and degradation of biological molecules. It plays a role as an intracellular and extracellular signaling molecule in certain cellular processes such as cell motility, organ development, neurotransmission, and insulin secretion.
in vitro
ATP disodium salt (5mM; 1 hour) co-treatment with LPS (1 μg/ml) has a synergistic effect on activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in HGFs.
ATP disodium salt (2 mM; 0.5-24 hours) induces the secretion of interleukin 1β, KC, and MIP-2 from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro in a caspase-1 activation-dependent manner.
ATP disodium salt stimulates cytokine and chemokine secretion, and inflammasome activation, directly and indirectly, induces in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis.
in vivo
ATP disodium salt (50 mg/kg; i.p.) protects mice against bacterial infection in vivo.
ATP disodium salt induces the secretion of IL1β, KC and MIP-2 and neutrophils recruitment in vivo.
Toxicity evaluation
ATP disodium salt (ATP-Na2) was administered by gavage to rats for 90 consecutive days at doses of 0 (control), 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg BW1·d1 (n = 10 per sex/group). Subchronic administration of ATP was well tolerated at all dose levels. Body weights and feed consumption body weight gains were similar between ATP-treated and control rats. Minor differences were seen in hematology and blood chemistry; however, these changes were not dose-related and, therefore, not of biological or toxicological significance. Only one difference was observed in absolute organ weights; females of the high dose had increased kidney and increased relative kidney and liver weights; however, these differences were not seen in males nor appeared to be dose-related[1].
References
[1] Ralf Jger, John C. Fuller Jr., Martin Purpura . “Subchronic (90-Day) repeated dose toxicity study of disodium adenosine-5′-triphosphate in rats.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 116 (2020): Article 104760.
