Description
Tetrazolyl glycine is an NMDA receptor agonist. It binds to rat brain membranes with IC
50 values of 98 and 36 nM for [
3H]CGS19755 and [
3H]glutamate, respectively, in radioligand binding assays. It induces depolarization in rat cortical slices, an effect that is blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist LY233053. It induces degeneration of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in the striatum of adult rats and the formation of excitotoxic lesions and seizures in neonatal rats (ED
50 = 0.071 mg/kg). Intrastriatal injection of tetrazolyl glycine (5 μM) increases COX-2 expression in striatal neurons and the vasculature near the striatal injection site in a mouse model of excitotoxicity-induced neuronal injury.
Uses
(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine is a highly potent NMDA receptor agonist demonstrating ~ 20X more activity than NMDA.
Definition
ChEBI: Tet-glycine is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.
in vivo
(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine can be used in animal modeling to create epilepsy models and is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier[4].
1. Induction of epilepsy[4]
Background
(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine can stimulate NMDA receptors, causing hippocampal neurotoxic damage and leading to epilepsy.
Specific Modeling Methods
Rat: Sprague-Dawley male or female 2-6 months old
Administration: 0.2 and 0.4 μL of a 0.7 mM (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine solution ICV
Note
(1) Inject (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl) glycine into the right ventricle of rats, and after 10 minutes, remove the needle and suture the wound and scalp.
(2) Among the 11 rats injected with 0.28 nmol (RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl) glycine, 5 died within a few hours after injection, making it impossible to perfuse and determine the degree of hippocampal lesions.
(3) There was no loss of hippocampal neurons in two of the four rats injected with the lower dose of (RS) - (Tetrazol-5-yl) glycine, whereas the other two showed loss of pyramidal neurons in the medial portion of CA1, and granule neurons in the dentate gyrus.
Modeling Indicators
Phenotypic observation: All rats injected with the higher dose of TZG showed an extensive loss of pyramidal neurons and GluR1 immunoreactivity in CA1-4 and in the dentate gyrus.
Behavioral observation: Continuous flicking of the tail, rowing movements, and convulsions.
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): Suramin (HY-B0879)
| Animal Model: | C57BL/6 mice[3] |
| Dosage: | 1.25, 1.5 mg/kg |
| Administration: | IP |
| Result: | Induced seizure responses and Fos.
|
References
[1] DARRYLE D. SCHOEPP . D,L-(Tetrazol-5-yl) glycine: a novel and highly potent NMDA receptor agonist[J]. European journal of pharmacology, 1991, 203 2: Pages 237-243. DOI:
10.1016/0014-2999(91)90719-7[2] DARRYLE D. SCHOEPP . The NMDA receptor agonist DL-(tetrazol-5-yl) glycine is a highly potent excitotoxin[J]. European Journal of Pharmacology: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1994, 270 1: Pages 67-72. DOI:
10.1016/0926-6917(94)90081-7[3] YING AN. Neuronal and nonneuronal COX-2 expression confers neurotoxic and neuroprotective phenotypes in response to excitotoxin challenge[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2013, 92 4: 486-495. DOI:
10.1002/jnr.23317
