Nitroethan

Bezeichnung:Nitroethan

CAS-Nr79-24-3

Englisch Name:Nitroethane

CBNumberCB9854402

SummenformelC2H5NO2

Molgewicht75.07

MOL-Datei79-24-3.mol

Synonyma

Nitroethan

Nitroethan physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	-90 °C
Siedepunkt	114-115 °C(lit.)
Dichte	1.045 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Dampfdichte	2.58 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	15.6 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.391(lit.)
Flammpunkt	87 °F
storage temp.	Flammables area
Löslichkeit	acetone: soluble(lit.)
pka	8.5(at 25℃)
Aggregatzustand	Colorless, oily liquid
PH	6 (1g/l, H2O, 25℃)
Explosionsgrenze	3.4%(V)
Wasserlöslichkeit	4.6 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck	14,6596
BRN	1209324
Henry's Law Constant	3.50 at 20.00 °C, 5.86 at 30.00 °C, 9.38 at 40.00 °C, 15.7 at 50.00 °C (inert gas stripping, Bene? and Dohnal, 1999)
Expositionsgrenzwerte	NIOSH REL: TWA 100 ppm (310 mg/m³), IDLH 1,000 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 100 ppm (adopted).
Dielectric constant	19.7（20℃）
Stabilität	Stability Contact with a variety of materials may cause fire or explosion, especially if heated. Incompatible with amines, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, combustible materials, metal oxides, strong bases, alkalies.
LogP	0.162 at 22.4℃
CAS Datenbank	79-24-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Ethane, nitro-(79-24-3)
EPA chemische Informationen	Nitroethane (79-24-3)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	T,Xn
R-Sätze:	45-10-20/22-68
S-Sätze:	9-23-41-25-45-36/37-53
RIDADR	UN 2842 3/PG 3
OEB	A
OEL	TWA: 100 ppm (310 mg/m3)
WGK Germany	2
RTECS-Nr.	KI5600000
Selbstentzündungstemperatur	778 °F
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	3
PackingGroup	III
HS Code	29042090
Giftige Stoffe Daten	79-24-3(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	Acute oral LD50 for mice 860 mg/kg, rats 1,100 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985).
IDLA	1,000 ppm

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Nitroethane Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
öLIGE FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Kann bei schnellem Erhitzen auf hohe Temperaturen explodieren. Bildung stoßempfindlicher Verbindungen mit starken anorganischen Alkalien, Säuren oder einer Kombination von Aminen und Schwermetalloxiden. Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche (Stickstoffoxide). Reagiert mit Basen, brennbaren Substanzen, Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 100 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 100 ppm 310 mg/m?Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(4); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D (DFG 2008).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Tränenreizend. Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Zyanose und Methämoglobinbildung. Exposition gegenüber hohen Konzentrationen kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
LECKAGE
Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. NICHT mit Sägemehl oder anderen brennbaren Absorptionsmitteln binden.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R10:Entzündlich.
R20/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S41:Explosions- und Brandgase nicht einatmen.
S25:Berührung mit den Augen vermeiden.
Chemische Eigenschaften
colourless oily liquid with an unpleasant odour
Chemische Eigenschaften
Nitroethane is a colorless, oily liquid with a mild, fruity odor. The Odor Threshold is 163 ppm.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless, very flammable liquid with a fruity odor. Odor threshold concentration is 2.1 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). Concentrated mixtures usually contain 98 wt % nitroethane and 2 wt % moisture.
Verwenden
Common industrial solvent; more recently a commercial artificial nail remover
Verwenden
Solvent, artificial fingernail glue remover; in organic syntheses. Experimentally as liquid propellant.
Definition
ChEBI: A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group.
Vorbereitung Methode
Industrial production of nitroethane is by vapor-phase nitration of propane with nitric acid, followed by fractional distillation (Baker and Bollmeier 1978). U.S. production was greater than 454 kg in 1975 (HSDB 1988).
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless oily liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point of 82°F. Decomposes above 350°F. Density 1.052 g / cm3. Vapors much heavier than air. and insoluble in water. Vapors may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a propellant and as a solvent.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
The nitroparaffins, nitromethane, nitropropane, etc. form salts with inorganic bases such as calcium hydroxide. The dry salts are explosive [Chem. Eng. News 30:2344. 1952]. Nitroethane and other nitro compounds are mild oxidizers and should not be heated with easily oxidizable hydrocarbons under confinement [Chem. Eng. News 30:2344. 1940].
Hazard
Moderate fire risk.Upper respiratory tract irritant, central nervous system impairment, and liver damage.
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes moderate irritation of respiratory tract. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with liquid causes irritation of eyes and mild irritation of skin.
Health Hazard
Nitroethane is irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes (HSDB 1988), however, there have been no reports of serious toxic effects of the chemical in humans.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire.
Industrielle Verwendung
Nitroethane is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, vinyl and other resins and waxes and as a solvent in batteries (Baker and Bollmeier 1978).
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Causes injury to liver and hdneys. An eye and mucous membrane irritant. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, sparks, flame, or oxidizers. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical; water can blanket fire. Incompatible with Ca(OH)2, hydrocarbons, hydroxides, inorganic bases, KOH, NaOH, metal oxides, Explodes when heated. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also NITRO COMPOUNDS.
mögliche Exposition
Nitroethane is used as solvent for polymers, cellulose esters; vinyl, waxes, fats, dyestuffs, and alkyd resins; as a stabilizer. It has been used as a rocket propellant. It is used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacture and in pesticide manufacture.
Environmental Fate
Chemical/Physical. 2-Nitroethane will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group.
Stoffwechsel
Nitroethane was partially excreted by the lungs when given to rabbits intravenously (1 g) or orally (1 or 2 g/kg). It was eliminated from the blood within 30 h after the intravenous dose (Machle et al 1942). A peak blood nitroethane concentration of 1.10 mg/ml was recorded after oral administration of 1.26 g/kg to rabbit. Following inhalation exposure of rabbits to about 13,500 p.p.m. or 2,700 p.p.m., peak nitroethane blood concentrations were 2.70 mg/ml after 360 min, and 0.36 mg/ml after 500 min, respectively. Blood nitrite and nitrate concentrations increased during the exposures, indicating that nitrite was formed as a result of the metabo-lism of nitroethane, and was oxidized to nitrate (Scott 1943). Absorption of nitroethane during inhalation exposure occurs in both the upper (URT) and lower (LRT) respiratory tract of rats (Stott and McKenna 1984). The isolated URT, LRT and intact respiratory tract absorbed 65, 71 and 58%, respectively, of the nitroethane presented at a rate comparable to a normal respiratory minute volume for rats. The absorption of nitroethane by the URT was linear over a 10-fold exposure range. During exposures only 2.8 and 2.0% of nitroethane was excreted from the URT and LRT, respectively.
Porter and Bright (1977) showed that nitroethane is readily converted by glucose oxidase in vitro to acetaldehyde, nitrite, nitrate, hydrogen peroxide and dinitroethane. However, the role of this enzyme in vivo is unknown. Bray and James (1958) recovered a small amount of a mercapturic acid metabolite from the urine of rabbits dosed with nitroethane.
Versand/Shipping
UN2842 Nitroethane, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
läuterung methode
Purify it as described for nitromethane below. A spectroscopic impurity can be removed by shaking it with activated alumina, decanting and distilling it rapidly. [Beilstein 1 IV 170.]
Inkompatibilitäten
A nitroparaffin, nitroethane forms explosive mixture with air. Explodes when heated or when shocked; in confined area, with elevated temperatures. A strong reducing agent. Violent reaction with oxidizers, hydrocarbons, other combustibles; amines, metal oxides. Forms shock-sensitive compounds with strong acids; strong alkalis. Attacks some plastics and coatings.
Waste disposal
Incineration: large quantities of material may require nitrogen oxide removal by catalytic or scrubbing processes.

Nitroethane Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

79-24-3, Nitroethane Verwandte Suche:

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