Isobutyronitril

Bezeichnung:Isobutyronitril

CAS-Nr78-82-0

Englisch Name:Isobutyronitrile

CBNumberCB9854381

SummenformelC4H7N

Molgewicht69.11

MOL-Datei78-82-0.mol

Synonyma

Isobutyronitril

Isobutyronitril physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	-72 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt	107-108 °C (lit.)
Dichte	0.770 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
Dampfdichte	2.38 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	100 mm Hg ( 54.4 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.372(lit.)
Flammpunkt	39 °F
storage temp.	Flammables area
Löslichkeit	slightly soluble in water and acetone, very soluble in alcohol and ether
Aggregatzustand	Liquid
Farbe	Clear colorless to light yellow
Wasserlöslichkeit	35 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck	14,5156
BRN	1340512
Dielectric constant	23.9（Ambient）
Stabilität	Stable. Flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
CAS Datenbank	78-82-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-(78-82-0)
EPA chemische Informationen	Isobutyronitrile (78-82-0)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	F,T
R-Sätze:	11-23/24/25-36/37/38
S-Sätze:	9-16-24/25-26-36/37/39-45-23
RIDADR	UN 2284 3/PG 2
OEB	A
OEL	TWA: 8 ppm (22 mg/m3)
WGK Germany	2
RTECS-Nr.	TZ4900000
Hazard Note	Highly Flammable/Toxic
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	3
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	29269095
Giftige Stoffe Daten	78-82-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LD50 (mg/kg): 25 i.p. in mice; 200 orally in rats (Zeller); LD50 orally in male mice: 0.3652 mmol/kg (Tanii)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Isobutyronitrile Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid with a foul odor. Insoluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol and ether.
Verwenden
Isobutyronitrile can be derived from isobutyraldehyde. It is used in organic synthesis, as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethylene and in the petroleum industry as a gasoline additive. Isobutyronitrile is also used to synthesize the intermediate 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine of the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon.
Vorbereitung Methode
Isobutyronitrile is prepared from isobutyraldehyde by cyanation with ammonia.
Definition
ChEBI: Isobutyronitrile is an aliphatic nitrile that is acetonitrile in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent. It is an aliphatic nitrile and a volatile organic compound.
Vorbereitung Methode
Isobutyronitrile is usually obtained by the catalytic gas-phase reaction of isobutyraldehyde or isobutanol with ammonia. Its major use is the synthesis of the insecticide diazinon.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 47°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Isobutyronitrile is incompatible with the following: Oxidizers, reducing agents, strong acids & bases .
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption.
Health Hazard
Isobutyronitrile is considered highly hazardous and full precautions should be taken to prevent skin contact or inhalation of vapor. Inhaled isobutyronitrile is about 2.4 times as toxic as acetonitrile in rats. may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. (Non-Specific -- Nitriles) Primarily, they are skin and eye irritants. Large doses cause collapse and stop breathing. In order to protect workers, the recommended TWA limit is obtained by dividing that for acetonitrile by the factor 2.4. NIOSH has therefore recommended that employee exposure should not exceed 8 p.p.m. (22 mg/m3) for either compound as a TLV-TWA.
Brandgefahr
Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion. Isobutyronitrile is a flammable/combustible material and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.
Stoffwechsel
Thiocyanate was present in the urine of rats dosed orally with isobutyronitrile.
läuterung methode
Shake the nitrile with conc HCl (to remove isonitriles), then with water and aqueous NaHCO3. After a preliminary drying with silica gel or Linde type 4A molecular sieves, it is shaken or stirred with CaH2 until hydrogen evolution ceases, then decanted and distilled from P2O5 (not more than 5g/L, to minimize gel formation) or Drierite (b 101-103o/760mm). Finally it is refluxed with, and slowly distilled from CaH2 (5g/L), taking precautions to exclude moisture. [Beilstein 2 H 294, 2 I 129, 2 II 263, 2 III 655, 2 IV 853.]

Isobutyronitrile Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

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