Formamid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H351：Kann vermutlich Krebs verursachen.

  H373：Kann die Organe schädigen bei längerer oder wiederholter Exposition.

• Sicherheit

  P202：Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.

  P260：Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P308+P313：BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

  P405：Unter Verschluss aufbewahren.

  P501：Inhalt/Behälter ... (Entsorgungsvorschriften vom Hersteller anzugeben) zuführen.

Formamide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  FARBLOSE, HYGROSKOPISCHE, VISKOSE FLüSSIGKEIT.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Beim Verbrennen Bildung giftiger Gase (Stickstoffoxide). Zersetzung beim Erhitzen bei 180°C unter Bildung von Ammoniak, Wasser, Kohlenmonoxid und Cyanwasserstoff. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln. Greift Metalle wie Aluminium, Eisen, Kupfer und Naturkautschuk an.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV: 10 ppm (als TWA); Hautresorption; (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden) Hautresorption; (DFG 2006).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.

• LECKAGE

  Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Stahl- (nicht Kupfer-)behältern sammeln. Verschüttete Flüssigkeit mit viel Wasser wegspülen.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
  R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
  R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).

• Aussehen Eigenschaften

  CH3NO; Ameisensäureamid, Methanamid. Farblose bis schwach gelbliche hygroskopische Flüssigkeit. Schwer entzündlich und glycerinartige Viskosität.

• Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

  Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
  Lokale Haut- und Schleimhautreizungen. Wirk teratogen und schädigt Leber und Nieren.
  Heftige Reaktion mit starken Oxidationsmitteln. Als Zersetzungsprodukte können Ammoniak und Blausäure entstehen.
  LD₅₀ (oral, Ratte): 5800 mg/kg.

• Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln

  Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.

• Verhalten im Gefahrfall

  Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen. Dämpfe mit Wasser niederschlagen.
  Mit flüsssigkeitsbindendem Material z. B. Rench Rapid aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen.
  Kohlendioxid, Wassernebel, Schaum, Pulver.
  Bei Brand kann Cyanwasserstoff freigesetzt werden.

• Erste Hilfe

  Nach Hautkontakt: Mit viel Wasser und Seife abwaschen.
  Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser und geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Einatmen: Frischluft, Arzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Verschlucken: Viel Wasser trinken lassen. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
  Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
  Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

• Sachgerechte Entsorgung

  Als halogenfreie, organische Lösemittelabfälle.

• Beschreibung

  Formamide is a colorless, viscous liquid with afaint ammonia odor. Molecular weight=45.05; Specificgravity (H2O:1)=1.13; Boiling point=(decomposes)210.5℃; Freezing/Melting point=2.5℃; Vapor pressure 50.1 mmHg at 30℃; Flash point=154℃. Autoignitiontemperature ≥500℃. Hazard Identification (based onNFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 2, Flammability 1,Reactivity 0. Good solubility in water.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Clear, colorless liquid

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Formamide is hydrolyzed very slowly at room temperature. Acids, bases and elevated temperatures accelerate the hydrolysis (Eberling 1980).

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Formamide is a colorless, viscous liquid. Faint ammonia-like odor.

• Verwenden

  Formamide is a good solvent for proteins and salts owing to its high dielectric constant. Its main applications are as a solvent in the chemical industry, as a softener for paper, as an intermediate for the manufacturing of formic acid and esters and hydrocyanic acid, and as a reaction medium.

• Verwenden

  Formamide destabilizes nucleic acid duplexes and may be used, typically, at a concentration of 50%, in hybridization protocols requiring lower hybridization temperatures.

• Verwenden

  As ionizing solvent, manufacture of formic esters, hydrocyanic acid by catalytic dehydration, as softener for paper, animal glues, water-sol gums.

• Definition

  ChEBI: The simplest monocarboxylic acid amide, obtained by formal condensation of formic acid with ammonia. The parent of the class of formaldehydes.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  Formamide is produced commercially by two processes (Eberling 1980). In a direct synthesis, ammonia and carbon monoxide react at 100-300 atm and 80-100°C in methanolic sodium methoxide. In the second, a two-stage synthesis, carbon monoxide and methanol form methylformate in the presence of sodium methoxide. The methylformate is treated with liquid or gaseous ammonia at 2-6 atm and 80-100°C.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  A colorless liquid with a faint odor of ammonia. Denser than water. Freezing point 36°F.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Hygroscopic. Water soluble.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Formamide is incompatible with strong oxidizers, acids and bases. Sensitive to light. Reacts with water very slowly at room temperature, but rate is accelerated by acids and bases at elevated temperatures. Incompatible with iodine, pyridine and sulfur trioxide. Reacts explosively with furfuryl alcohol, H2O2, Tl(NO3)3.H2O, nitromethane and P2O5. An effective solvent: dissolves casein, glucose, tannins, starch, lignin, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, nylon, the chlorides of copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, iron, aluminum and nickel, the acetates of the alkali metals, some inorganic sulfates and nitrates. Attacks copper and brass .

• Hazard

  Toxic material. Toxic by skin absorption.

• Health Hazard

  Formamide is moderately irritating to the skin and mucous membranes (Windholz 1983).

• Health Hazard

  INHALATION: A moderate irritant to mucous membranes. EYES: Moderately irritating to the eyes. SKIN: A mild to moderate irritant to the skin.

• Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung

  Fonnamide is an organic compound containing the amide group -CONH₂. It is made from formic acid or its ester with ammonia. It is also made from ammonia and carbon monoxide.
  Formamide is used in making liquid fertilizers for foliar application of nitrogen. For example, a mixture of formamide, urea and ammonium nitrate is used as a solution fertilizer and has a salt-out temperature of 0°C. It contains more than 35% nitrogen, unlike the aqueous formulations of urea, and ammonium nitrate, which have 32 % nitrogen.Formamide is a good solvent for many organic compounds.

• Industrielle Verwendung

  Formamide is used in the large scale production of formic acid by reaction with inorganic acids, as an intermediate in the chemical industry, as a solvent in the processing of plastics, and as a solvent in felt-tip pens (Eberling 1980).

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison by skin contact and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes. An irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. An eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Incompatible with 12, pyridine,SO3. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Has exploded while in storage.

• mögliche Exposition

  Formamide is a powerful solvent. It is also used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacture.

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

• Environmental Fate

  If released to air, formamide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase formamide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.0 days. If released to soil, formamide is expected to have very high mobility. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. If released into water, formamide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment. Several biodegradation screening studies have observed significant biodegradation of formamide, which suggests that biodegradation may be important. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound’s estimated Henry’s law constant.

• Stoffwechsel

  There are only very few reports on the metabolic fate of formamide in the literature. Halsey (1898) found that formamide gave rise to as much urinary formate in the dog as did formic acid, and assumed complete hydrolysis of the amide in vivo. In a study by Bray et al (1949) the hypothesis was tested that formamide undergoes metabolic hydrolysis in rabbits. Acidic substances were titrated after extraction by ether, before and after hydrolysis of urine samples. The ether-soluble acid determined in hydrolyzed urine was assumed to reflect the amount of formamide excreted unchanged. The difference between the amount of amide administered and the total amount excreted unchanged was considered to represent amide which was metabolically hydrolyzed. After administration of 2-4 g per rabbit orally, 39% of the dose was recovered unchanged using this method. When formamide was incubated with rabbit liver extracts or liver slices, only very little hydrolysis was detected by this method.

• Lager

  Color Code—Green: General storage may be used.Prior to working with this chemical you should be trainedon its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closedcontainers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from moisture and other incompatible materials listed above. Wherepossible, automatically pump liquid from drums or otherstorage containers to process containers.

• Versand/Shipping

  UN2810 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

• läuterung methode

  Formamide is easily hydrolysed by acids and bases. It also reacts with peroxides, acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters and (on heating) alcohols, while strong dehydrating agents convert it to a nitrile. It is very hygroscopic. Commercial material often contains acids and ammonium formate. Vorhoek [J Am Chem Soc 58 2577 1956] added some bromothymol blue to formamide and then neutralised it with NaOH before heating to 80-90o under reduced pressure to distil off ammonia and water. The amide is again neutralised and the process is repeated until the liquid remained neutral on heating. Sodium formate is added, and the formamide is concentrated under reduced pressure at 80-90o. The distillate is again neutralised and redistilled. It is then fractionally crystallised in the absence of CO2 and water by partial freezing. Formamide (specific conductance 2 x 10-7 ohm-1 cm-1) of low water content is dried by passage through a column of 3A molecular sieves, then deionized by treatment with a mixed-bed ion-exchange resin loaded with H+ and HCONH-ions (using sodium formamide in formamide)[Notley & Spiro J Chem Soc (B) 362 1966]. [Beilstein 2 IV 45.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  The mechanism of toxicity of formamide is not known; the response profile is quite different from the better studied dimethyl derivative.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Forms hydrocyanic acid with water solutions. Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air). Incompatible with nonoxidizing mineral acids; strong acids; ammonia, cresols, iodine, isocyanates, oleum, phenols, pyr idine, sulfur trioxide; oxidizers, iodine, pyridine. Formamide decomposes on heating @ 180℃ forming ammonia, water, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Attacks metals, such as aluminum, iron, copper, brass, lead, and natural rubber. Thermal decomposition may release deadly hydrogen cyanide. Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithio carbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides of sulfur).

• Waste disposal

  Dissolve in a combustible solvent and dispose by burning in a furnace equipped with an alkali scrubber for the exit gases.

Formamide Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Formamid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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