Bleidioxid

Bezeichnung:Bleidioxid

CAS-Nr1309-60-0

Englisch Name:Lead dioxide

CBNumberCB9196612

SummenformelO2Pb

Molgewicht239.2

MOL-Datei1309-60-0.mol

Synonyma

Bleidioxid

Bleiperoxid

Blei(IV)-oxid

Bleidioxid physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	290 °C
Dichte	9,38 g/cm³
Aggregatzustand	Powder
Wichte	9.38
Farbe	Brown to black
Wasserlöslichkeit	Insoluble
Merck	14,5407
Expositionsgrenzwerte	ACGIH: TWA 0.05 mg/m3 NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 0.050 mg/m3
CAS Datenbank	1309-60-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Lead dioxide(1309-60-0)
EPA chemische Informationen	Lead dioxide (1309-60-0)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	O,T,N
R-Sätze:	61-8-20/22-33-50/53-62
S-Sätze:	53-45-60-61
RIDADR	UN 1872 5.1/PG 3
WGK Germany	3
RTECS-Nr.	OG0700000
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	5.1
PackingGroup	III
HS Code	28249090
Giftige Stoffe Daten	1309-60-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LD50 i.p. in guinea pigs: 220 mg/kg (Venugopal, Luckey)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Lead dioxide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
BRAUNE KRISTALLEODER PULVER.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen auf 290°C, unter Bildung von Sauerstoff und giftigen Rauchen. Reagiert sehr heftig mit brennbaren Stoffen, organischen Stoffen, Schwefel, Wasserstoffperoxid und Phosphor. Feuergefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: (als Pb) 0.05 mg/m?(als TWA) Krebskategorie A3 (bestätigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Krebserzeugend Kategorie 2; Keimzellmutagen Kategorie 3A; (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Blut, Knochenmark, Zentralnervensystem, peripheres Nervensystemund Nieren mit nachfolgender Anämie, Enzephalopathie (z.B. Krämpfe), peripherer Nervenkrankheit, Bauchkrämpfen und Nierenschäden. Fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend. Wahrscheinlich krebserzeugend für den Menschen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P3-Filter für giftige Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R20/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R33:Gefahr kumulativer Wirkungen.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R62:Kann möglicherweise die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Lead dioxide, PbO₂, also plumbic oxide, is an odorless dark-brown crystalline powder which is nearly insoluble in water. It exists in two crystalline forms. The a phase has orthorhombic symmetry, lattice constants a=0.497 nm, b=0.596 nm, c= 0.544 nm, Z=4 (four formula units per unit cell).
Chemische Eigenschaften
brown to black powder
Chemische Eigenschaften
Lead dioxide is a dark brown crystalline solid or powder.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Red tetragonal crystals or brown powder; density 9.64 g/cm³; decomposes on heating at 290°C; practically insoluble in water; also insoluble in alkalis; moderately soluble in hydrochloric acid and also, in nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture; slowly dissolves in acetic acid.
Occurrence
Lead dioxide occurs in nature as the mineral plattnerite. It is used as an oxidizing agent in manufacturing dyes and intermediates. It also is used as a source of oxygen in matches, pyrotechnics, and explosives. In matches, the oxide is combined with amorphous phosphorus as an ignition surface. It also is used in making lead pigments, liquid polysulfide polymers and rubber substitutes. Lead dioxide electrodes are used in lead storage batteries in which lead dioxide accumulates on positive plates.
Verwenden
Lead dioxide occurs in nature as the mineral plattnerite. It is used as an oxidizing agent in manufacturing dyes and intermediates. It also is used as a source of oxygen in matches, pyrotechnics, and explosives. In matches, the oxide is combined with amorphous phosphorus as an ignition surface. It also is used in making lead pigments, liquid polysulfide polymers and rubber substitutes. Lead dioxide electrodes are used in lead storage batteries in which lead dioxide accumulates on positive plates.
Verwenden

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Industry

Application

Role/benefit

Electrochemistry

Regenerating potassium dichromate

Anode material/inexpensive and has high oxygen evolution over voltage

Electroplating copper and zinc in sulfate baths

Oxidation electrolytic by clarification Water

Production of glyoxylic acid from oxalic acid in a sulfuric acid electrolyte

Lead acid batteries

Rubber

Vulcanized rubber

Vulcanizing agent

Chemical analysis

Organic elemental analysis and chromatographic analysis

Analytical reagent

Others

Production of matches, pyrotechnics, dyes

Additive

High-voltage lightning arresters

Resistor element

Coating of pipes

Helps to reduce lead contamination of drinking water
Verwenden
Lead dioxide is a strong oxidizing agent that is used in the manufacture of matches, pyrotechnics, dyes and other chemicals. It also has several important applications in the electrochemical industry, in particular as a component of lead–acid batteries used in almost all types of vehicles.
synthetische
Lead dioxide is produced by oxidizing an alkaline slurry of lead monoxide with chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, or bleaching powder. Alternatively, it is obtained by passing chlorine into a hot aqueous suspension of lead sulfate and magnesium hydroxide. The ionic reaction is:
Pb(OH)_3ˉ +ClOˉ → PbO₂ + Clˉ+ OHˉ + H₂O
It also is produced by electrolysis of acidic solutions of lead salts using a lead or platinum electrode. In such electrolytic process, lead dioxide is deposited on the anode of the cell.
Insoluble powdered lead dioxide also may be obtained when lead tetroxide is heated with nitric acid:
Pb₃ O₄ + 4HNO₃ → 2Pb(N)₃)₂ + PbO₂ + 2H₂O
Lead dioxide also can be prepared by fusing lead monoxide with a mixture of sodium nitrate and sodium chlorate.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Brown, hexagonal crystals. Insoluble in water. Used in matches, explosives, electrodes.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. Reacts violently with hydrogen sulfide [Bretherick 1979. p. 977-978]. Ignites with hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:291. 1946-47]. Reacts violently with hydrogen peroxide [Mellor 1:937 1946-47], with phenylhydrazine [Mellor 7:637 1946-47], or with sulfuryl chloride [Mellor 10:676. 1946-47]. Reacts with incandescence with sulfur dioxide [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 689]. Explodes when ground with boron or yellow phosphorus [Mellor, 1946, Vol. 5, 17]. Mixtures with sulfur and red phosphorus ignite [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 689]. Reacts vigorously when heated with calcium sulfide, strontium sulfide or barium sulfide [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 3, 745].
Health Hazard
Toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dust is toxic. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some may burn rapidly. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
mögliche Exposition
This material is used in electrodes for lead-acid batteries; in matches; explosives, and as a curing agent for polysulfide elastomers
Erste Hilfe
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.Antidotes and special procedures for lead: Persons with significant lead poisoning are sometimes treated with CaEDTA while hospitalized. This “chelating” drug causes arush of lead from the body organs into the blood and kidneys, and thus has its own hazards, and must be administered only by highly experienced medical personnel undercontrolled conditions and careful observation. Ca EDTA or similar drugs should never be used to prevent poisoningwhile exposure continues or without strict exposure control,as severe kidney damage can result.Note to physician: For severe poisoning BAL [BritishAnti-Lewisite, dimercaprol, dithiopropanol (C3H8OS2)] hasbeen used to treat toxic symptoms of certain heavy metalspoisoning. In the case of lead poisoning it may haveSOME value. Although BAL is reported to have a largemargin of safety, caution must be exercised, because toxiceffects may be caused by excessive dosage. Most can beprevented by premedication with 1-ephedrine sulfate(CAS: 134-72-5).
Lager
Color Code—Yellow: Reactive Hazard; Store in alocation separate from other materials, especially flammables and combustibles. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Lead dioxide must be stored to avoid contact withoxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates,chlorates and nitrates) chemically active metals (such aspotassium, sodium, magnesium and zinc), since violentreactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool,well-ventilated area away from combustible materials, suchas wood, paper, and oil. Lead dioxide is regulated byOSHA Standard 1910.1025. All requirements of the standard must be followed. See OSHA Standard 1910.104 andNFPA 43A Code for the Storage of Liquid and SolidOxidizers for detailed handling and storage regulations.
Versand/Shipping
UN1872 Lead dioxide, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer.
Inkompatibilitäten
Lead dioxide is a powerful oxidizer. Violent reaction with many compounds, including reducing agents; chemically active metals; combustible materials, strong acids, alkaline earth sulfides, aluminum carbides, aluminum, amines, calcium sulfide, carbides, chlorine trifluoride, glycerin, hydrides, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydroxylamine, magnesium, metal powders, metal sulfides, molybdenum, phenylhydrazine, phosphorous red/friction, phosphorous trichloride, silicon, sulfides, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, sulfur/friction, sulfuric acid, tungsten, hydrogen trisulfide
Waste disposal
Conversion to soluble salt, precipitation as sulfide and return to supplier. Do not discharge into drains or sewers. Dispose of waste material as hazardous waste using a licensed disposal contractor to an approved landfill. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Containers must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

Lead dioxide Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Bleidioxid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

1309-60-0, Lead dioxide Verwandte Suche:

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